D
Darrow
Darrow works upstream of litigation. It ingests signals from regulatory filings, incident reports, litigation patterns and market activity and turns them into structured legal intelligence about where exposure is forming. The company describes itself as an AI lab built around a knowledge base that connects the laws creating obligations, the organizational weaknesses that emerge when they are not met, and the enforcement actions that follow.
Agentic systems reason across that intelligence to identify and prioritize emerging opportunities. It sells to three segments: plaintiff and class action firms looking to identify litigation earlier, insurers pricing litigation exposure, and corporate compliance teams monitoring their own external digital footprint. Published figures include more than 22 billion dollars in legal exposure surfaced, more than 5 million signals detected monthly and over 10,000 active matters.
Roughly thirty customer firms are shown by name, including Baron and Budd, Milberg, Nichols Kaster and Loevy and Loevy. Access is through a portal on an annual subscription. The terms of use name Anthropic and OpenAI as the AI service providers and grant Darrow an irrevocable perpetual license over customer data that expressly includes training foundation models. Darrow AI Inc. is a Delaware corporation based in New York.
Darrow, head to head
Side by side on the same 15 capability axes and 12 legal signals: where the two part company, and what neither one publishes.
Alternatives to Darrow
Vendors in the same categories as Darrow whose graded profiles look most alike, with a line on what each product does.
Similar is not the same, so check that each one does the job you need. No vendor pays for placement.
- AAI Demand ProAI Demand Pro is personal injury settlement demand software from AI Demand Pro, Inc. of Costa Mesa, California, built by personal injury attorneys for personal injury firms.
- PParambilParambil is an AI platform for reading medical records at litigation scale.
- IInPracticeInPractice reads medical records and turns them into chronologies and narrative summaries for legal and medical professionals.
- LLawPro.aiLawPro.ai reads the medical file on a personal injury case and turns it into the documents a firm builds a claim from.
- NNovoNovo drafts the two documents that carry a personal injury claim through the stage before litigation: the medical chronology and the demand letter.
- SSmartAdvocateSmartAdvocate is a case management platform for high volume contingency practices, offered as a hosted cloud service or as a server version a firm installs on its own infrastructure.
Ordered by how closely the graded profiles match across the 15 capability axes, inside the same categories. See how each axis is graded in the methodology.
Capability grades
All 15 axes, graded from public sources on the date shown. Hover a grade to see what the letter means on that axis.
AI Centrality
How much of the product is actually AI. Whether the machine learning is the mechanism the buyer is paying for or a feature layered onto conventional software, and whether the vendor is specific about which is which.
The models are the product and the agreement says so in terms. Section 8.3 states that the AI features are mandatory and integrated by default, and that a customer who does not accept the AI service providers' terms has no remedy other than to stop using the service. The published architecture is four layers of model work: ingesting raw signals at scale, interpreting them through legal context, reasoning across the result to prioritize and orchestrate action autonomously, and surfacing it to the teams responsible.
Published throughput of more than 5 million signals detected monthly is not a volume a system without models reaches. Remove the models and there is no product.
Citation Accuracy and Hallucination Disclosure
Whether the vendor publishes measured accuracy on citations and assertions, grounds output to primary sources, and says plainly what its system does when it does not know. Legal has a documented public record of fabricated citations reaching filed briefs, so an untested claim of accuracy is not evidence.
Grounding is asserted without a mechanism anyone can inspect. The knowledge base is described in principle as connecting the laws that create obligations, the organizational weaknesses that emerge when they are not met, and the enforcement actions that follow. The inputs are described by category as regulatory filings, incident reports, litigation patterns and market activity. Nothing describes how an output traces back to the input that produced it: no citation, source link or retrieval method.
Hallucination is addressed only as a disclaimer. Section 8.3 records that generative AI involves uncertainties as to quality and accuracy and that the company has no control over output. The trial terms disclaim liability for undetected, misdetected or mischaracterized events, signals, risks or cases. No accuracy figure or test set is published, and section 12.1 expressly disclaims any warranty of accuracy. The Research and Domain Coverage pages were not opened and may say more.
Autonomy and Oversight Model
What the system decides on its own, what a lawyer must approve, and whether the vendor documents where the review point sits. A tool that drafts under review and a tool that files without one are different products and different risks.
Autonomy is claimed in plain terms and oversight is asserted without a mechanism. The published description of the agentic layer says advanced AI systems reason across the intelligence, identify emerging opportunities, prioritize signals and orchestrate action autonomously. The product is framed as an always on legal red team. The only oversight statements are contractual disclaimers. Section 8.3 makes the customer responsible for evaluating the results of its use of the AI features and says the service is not a substitute for legal advice, legal research and independent review.
Nothing published separates what the system does unattended from what a person approves. No threshold is stated at which it escalates or stops, no review surface inside the portal is described, and nothing addresses what happens when a signal is wrong. The platform, law firms and FAQ pages were not opened and may say more.
Operational and Outcome Evidence
Named, dated evidence that the product works in production at real firms or legal departments. Case studies with figures and identified customers count. Unattributed testimonials and launch announcements do not.
Substantial deployment evidence, with the names and the numbers on opposite sides of the page. Roughly thirty customer organizations are shown by name, and they are serious ones in this market: Baron and Budd, Milberg, Girard Sharp, Bernstein Litowitz Berger and Grossmann, Zuckerman Spaeder, Singleton Schreiber, Kahn Swick and Foti, Lynch Carpenter, Bailey and Glasser, Nichols Kaster, Loevy and Loevy, Wolf Haldenstein, Stephan Zouras, Schneider Wallace, Freed Kanner, Kozyak Tropin and Throckmorton and Consovoy McCarthy, alongside Microsoft and Armis on the corporate side.
Figures are published at corporate level: more than 22 billion dollars in legal exposure surfaced, over 80 organizations, more than 5 million signals detected monthly, over 22,000 legal professionals and more than 10,000 active matters. What is missing is the join between them. No figure is attached to any named firm, no case study is published, nothing is dated, and there is no testimonial from a named individual anywhere on the surfaces read.
Privilege and Confidentiality Posture
How client confidences are handled: attorney client privilege and work product treatment, segregation of one client matter from another, whether client data trains any model, and what the vendor commits to in writing rather than in marketing.
Nothing published addresses how client confidences are handled, and the terms that do exist run the other way. The confidentiality regime at section 11 defines Confidential Information as business, product, technology and marketing information that is not public, and does not bring Customer Data within that definition, so the mutual confidentiality obligations do not by their terms reach what a customer puts into the service.
Section 5.1 grants the company and its subprocessors an irrevocable, perpetual, sublicensable license over Customer Data that expressly extends to training foundation models. Section 11.3 reserves a broad right to access, read, preserve and disclose any information obtained in connection with the service. Nothing addresses privilege or work product, nothing addresses segregation between customers or matters, and no retention period exists.
What does exist is recorded for completeness: section 7.3 commits to reasonable industry standard technical and organizational security measures to protect Customer Data, which is a security promise rather than a confidentiality one. Section 5.2 separately prohibits the customer from submitting protected health information.
UPL and Professional Responsibility Posture
Whether the vendor is clear that it supplies a tool rather than legal advice, who its audience is, and how it addresses unauthorized practice of law, competence and supervision duties, and jurisdiction limits. ABA Formal Opinion 512 is the reference point. Where the advice line is not the duty a product raises, the axis is read through the nearest professional duty it does raise: judicial conduct rules and the reviewing duty for products sold only to courts, and the duty to bill for time actually spent for products that draft time entries.
A disclaimer exists inside the terms and the product surfaces do not address the question. Section 8.3 states that the customer acknowledges the service is not a substitute for legal advice, legal research and independent review, and the trial terms go further, adding that it is not a substitute for audit, assessment or any medical, legal or regulatory conclusion and that the customer is solely responsible for obtaining necessary legal, medical, scientific or regulatory advice and for its own due diligence.
Both sit inside the AI features and warranty clauses rather than in a dedicated position. Nothing on the home page or the segment pages addresses the question at all. No competence or supervision language appears, no rule of professional conduct is named, and jurisdiction is handled by disclaimer rather than by limit, with section 12.1 disclaiming any guarantee that output is suitable for the customer's jurisdiction.
The product recommends which matters a firm should pursue, which makes the absence of a supervision position more material than the disclaimer acknowledges.
AI Governance and Bias Disclosure
Published governance over model behavior: who owns it inside the vendor, what is tested before release, and what is disclosed about disparate output across matter types, parties, or populations.
No governance position is published for a system that decides which potential claims a firm sees. There is no responsible AI statement, governance framework, named owner accountable for model behavior, description of evaluation before release, or published testing result. Nothing addresses bias, which matters here because the system prioritizes signals and so determines which exposures surface and which do not. The company describes itself as an AI lab and publishes a Research page, which was not opened and may say more; a page title is not evidence of its contents.
The agreement moves the other way, recording at section 8.3 that the company has no control over the output of the AI features.
AI Safety and Data Stewardship
Retention, deletion, access control, and what happens to prompts and documents after they are processed. Whether the vendor states its subprocessors and its incident practice, or leaves the buyer to assume.
A generic security clause covers the product without addressing what happens to customer content after processing. Section 7.3 commits to reasonable, industry standard technical and organizational security measures during the subscription term, with no control named: no encryption standard, access model, logging or testing cadence. There is no security page anywhere in the site navigation or footer. Retention is not addressed.
Section 10.4 says only that after termination the company may delete Customer Data, which is permissive and sits against the perpetual license granted at section 5.1. Section 8.1 acknowledges that subprocessors exist and names none. No incident or breach notification practice is published. The privacy policy is incorporated by reference at section 7.1 and was not opened, so it may say more. Section 7.1 is headed Privacy Policy and DPA, but no data processing agreement is linked or published.
AI Liability and Recourse
What the vendor stands behind contractually when its output is wrong. Indemnities, caps, carve outs, insurance, and whether any of it is published or only reachable through a negotiated agreement.
A real published position, short of the full picture. Section 14.1 gives a narrow but genuine company indemnity covering third party claims that the right to use the service infringes a valid United States patent, with five named exclusions and remedies at section 6.4. The agreement states that these are the sole and exclusive remedy for intellectual property infringement. Section 13 caps aggregate liability at fees paid in the preceding twelve months, dropping to 50 US dollars for trial and prerelease services under section 2.3 and for the drug and device intelligence trial.
What is absent is any warranty a buyer could invoke. Section 12.1 disclaims accuracy, completeness, availability and security outright. Section 8.3 states the company is not liable for the performance of the AI features and does not guarantee the accuracy or reliability of any output. The trial terms disclaim liability for undetected or mischaracterized signals, risks or cases. No insurance position is published.
Practice Systems Integration Depth
How deeply the product reaches into the systems legal work already lives in: document management such as iManage and NetDocuments, Word and Outlook, contract lifecycle management, matter management, e-billing, and court filing systems.
No integration into practice systems is published. Section 8.4 of the agreement refers to integration with certain third party applications set out in the company's documentation or within the service, then disclaims responsibility for them without naming any. No case management system, document management system, intake platform or CRM appears on the surfaces read, and there is no integrations page or developer documentation in the navigation or footer.
This matters for the segment named first on the site, since a plaintiff firm receiving case signals needs them to land in an intake or matter system. The Platform and Law Firms pages were not opened and may say more.
Deployment Model and Data Residency
Where the software runs and where the data sits. Multi tenant cloud, single tenant, private deployment, on premises, and whether region of residence is a published option or an enterprise conversation.
Nothing is published about where the software runs or where customer content sits. No region, country, hosting provider or data center is named on any surface, and no tenancy model is described: nothing states whether the platform is single or multi tenant or how one customer's data is separated from another's. The agreement says only, at section 8.1, that the service is hosted and made available by certain subprocessors, none of them named.
No deployment option, private tier or residency commitment of any kind is offered. The one geographic signal is indirect, in the export control clause at section 15.1 referring to Israeli, United States or foreign export controls.
Security Certifications and Trust Center
Independent attestation a buyer can pull without a sales call: SOC 2, ISO 27001, penetration test summaries, a trust center with current reports and named scope rather than a badge image.
No independent security attestation is published. No SOC 2, ISO 27001, HIPAA or any other framework is claimed anywhere, no auditor or certifying body is named, no report is offered at any access tier, and no penetration testing is mentioned. There is no security page and no trust center: the site navigation carries Law Firms, Insurance, Compliance, Research and a Company menu, and the footer carries only a cookie policy, a privacy policy and the terms of use.
The agreement offers section 7.3 alone, promising reasonable industry standard measures without naming a standard. There are no unsupported badges on display either, so the gap is absence rather than overclaiming.
Model Supply Chain Disclosure
Which models sit underneath, whose they are, where they run, and whether the vendor commits to telling customers when that changes. A legal buyer inherits every dependency it cannot see.
Partial disclosure, with the providers named and change notification expressly refused. Section 8.3 identifies the AI service providers as third parties including Anthropic Claude and OpenAI, both misspelled in the published text, and makes clear that the AI features are mandatory and integrated by default. The disclosure sits in the agreement rather than in marketing. The same clause reserves the right to use different AI service providers at any time without prior notice, and a customer who objects to a current or future provider has no remedy but to stop using the service.
The word including leaves the list open. No specific model or version is named, no location is given for inference, and no subprocessor list is published; section 8.1 acknowledges subprocessors without identifying any.
Commercial Transparency
Whether a buyer can learn what this costs without entering a sales process: published rates, the unit being charged, what sits behind an enterprise tier, and what implementation adds.
No pricing information is published at any level, including the unit of charge. There is no pricing page, no tier names, no feature split, no indication of whether charging is per user, matter, signal or case, and no free trial or self-serve route. Every call to action leads to a demo request or a booking with the team. The agreement shows the shape of the arrangement rather than its price. Fees are set in an Order Form in US dollars and paid annually in advance.
They cannot be canceled or refunded, renew automatically unless canceled 30 days before expiry, and carry overage fees for excessive use. A banner states that 78 percent of production is already reserved, which suggests a commercial model limited by capacity.
Firm and Practice Coverage
Who the product is actually built for. AmLaw, midlaw, small firm and solo, in house departments, government and courts, and which practice areas are supported rather than merely claimed.
Segment coverage is described with substance across three distinct buyers, and the boundaries are left open. Each segment has its own page and stated job: law firms identifying emerging litigation earlier and building case portfolios, insurers detecting exposure and pricing risk, and corporate compliance teams surfacing exposure across their external digital footprint. Practice breadth is put at more than 50 legal exposure categories, and a Domain Coverage page in the footer was not opened and may say more.
The named customers, overwhelmingly plaintiff and class action firms, corroborate the primary segment. What is missing is the edge. No individual practice area is named on the surfaces read, firm size is not addressed, no jurisdiction of coverage is stated, and nothing says which exposure types or industries fall outside the system.
2 public documents
The public pages on file for Darrow, with the recorded signals each one supports and the date it was last read. Open any of them and check the reading against the record.
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darrow.ai/terms-of-use3 signals
Client Data in Training, Prompt and Output Retention, Third Party Request and Subpoena Notice
Read Sep 4, 2026
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Fabricated Citation Record
Read Sep 4, 2026
Legal Signals
What each signal meansA signal records what public sources say on the date shown. It is not a grade and it is not a recommendation. Where a signal reads Not addressed, it means the index did not locate the material in public sources on that date, which is a statement about disclosure rather than about the product.
Client Data in Training
Can material a lawyer puts into this product be used to train a model?
The published agreement expressly reserves a right to train on customer content, with no opt out located. Any de identification, anonymization or aggregation qualifier is recorded in the summary.
The permission is express and sits in the agreement. Section 5.1 has the customer grant the company and its subprocessors an irrevocable, perpetual, nonexclusive, worldwide, royalty free, fully paid and sublicensable license over Customer Data. It covers accessing, using, processing, copying, downloading, storing, distributing, creating derivative works from and displaying that data to maintain and develop the service, with training foundation models named inside that purpose.
The license is irrevocable and perpetual on its own words, so it does not end when the subscription does. Section 6.1 vests in the company any improvements and developments created by processing Customer Data. No way to opt out, no requirement to remove identifying details and no exception for sensitive matters appears anywhere. The identical clause appears in all three agreements published on the terms page.
Prompt and Output Retention
How long does the product keep what a lawyer typed, and can that be set to zero?
Retention is acknowledged in public materials with no stated period.
Retention is touched in the agreement and no period is stated. Section 10.4 places the export obligation on the customer before termination and then provides that following termination the company may delete Customer Data without retaining any copy, which is permissive rather than a commitment and gives no window. No retention period applies during the subscription term, no deletion request route is described, and no certification of deletion is offered.
The position sits against section 5.1, which grants an irrevocable and perpetual license over the same Customer Data, so a deletion that is optional after termination coexists with a license that by its terms does not expire. Searched the home page, the terms of use and the site footer on 4 September 2026; the privacy policy was not opened.
Ethical Walls and Matter Segregation
Does retrieval respect the firm’s ethical walls, or can the model read across them?
No located public material addresses walls or matter level segregation.
Walls and matter level segregation go undescribed, on a product that allocates case signals among competing firms. Nothing states whether the platform is single or multi tenant, how one customer's data is separated from another's, or how access is controlled within a customer account, and no role or permission model is described anywhere. The agreement's only adjacent provisions are account security obligations placed on the customer at section 03 and a general security promise at section 7.3.
The question has a particular edge here because the named customers are plaintiff and class action firms that compete for the same matters, and the product allocates case signals among them, but nothing published addresses it. Searched the home page, the terms of use, the site navigation and the footer on 4 September 2026.
Third Party Request and Subpoena Notice
If someone subpoenas the vendor for a firm’s data, does the firm hear about it first?
Published terms or policy address disclosure to authorities or in response to legal process, and no commitment or reservation regarding customer notice is located anywhere. The vendor has told the customer that data can leave and has said nothing about whether the customer hears of it.
Two clauses bear on this, and the one reaching customer content commits no notice. Section 11.3 lets the company access, read, preserve and disclose any information it obtains through the service as it reasonably believes necessary to satisfy any law, regulation, legal process, subpoena or governmental request. No notice obligation is attached. Section 11.2(iv) does commit to best efforts to give prompt notice of compelled disclosure, but only for Confidential Information.
Section 11.1 defines that as business, product, technology and marketing information that is not public, and by its terms it does not include Customer Data. So the clause that clearly reaches what a customer puts into the service is the one without notice. No transparency report was located.
Primary Law Corpus Provenance
Where does the law in this product come from, and does the vendor have the right to use it?
No located public material identifies the corpus behind the product’s answers.
Input categories are described and no corpus is identified. The published material says signals are ingested from regulatory filings, incident reports, litigation patterns and market activity. It says a structured knowledge base connects the laws creating obligations, the organizational weaknesses that emerge, and the enforcement actions that follow. That describes the kind of material used without naming any database, publisher, register or docket source, stating any jurisdiction of coverage, or addressing the rights basis on which any of it is held.
Section 8.3 refers to reliance on various third party data sources without identifying them. A Research page and a Domain Coverage page exist and were not opened, so they may say more. Searched on 4 September 2026.
Good Law Verification
Does the product tell you when the authority it just cited has been overruled?
No located public material addresses whether authority is checked for subsequent history.
Nothing on any located surface addresses whether authority is checked for subsequent history. The product does not retrieve or present primary law as its output: it surfaces signals of emerging legal exposure drawn from filings, incident data and litigation patterns. The question applies only weakly to this product class, and the absence is not held against the vendor. Searched the home page, the terms of use and the site navigation on 4 September 2026.
Refusal and Uncertainty Behavior
What does the product do when the answer is not in the corpus?
No located public material addresses what the product does when it cannot ground an answer.
Uncertainty is allocated as risk in the agreement, not handled as system behavior. The agreement acknowledges uncertainty extensively but only as allocation of risk: section 8.3 records that generative AI involves uncertainties as to content quality and accuracy and that the company has no control over the output, and the trial terms disclaim liability for undetected, misdetected or mischaracterized events, signals, risks or cases.
None of that describes system behavior. No abstention path, no way of returning no answer, and no confidence or grounding score surfaced to the user is described anywhere, which is notable on a product whose stated function is prioritizing signals. Searched the home page and the terms of use on 4 September 2026.
Fabricated Citation Record
Does a public court record exist addressing fabricated or hallucinated legal citations in output from this product?
No court order, opinion or disciplinary record addressing fabricated or hallucinated legal citations produced by this product has been located as of the date shown. This is a statement about the public record on that one subject, not a finding about the product, and this signal is not a litigation history.
The AI Hallucination Cases database maintained by Damien Charlotin was searched on 4 September 2026 on both the product name Darrow and the corporate name Darrow AI. No court order, opinion or disciplinary record naming the product was located. This records the state of the public record on that date and is not a finding about the product.
Bar Guidance Alignment
Has the vendor engaged in public with the ethics opinions its buyers are bound by?
No located public material engages with bar or ethics guidance.
Solicitation and referral rules, the guidance closest to case identification, go unengaged. No bar association, regulator, rule of professional conduct or ethics opinion is named anywhere in the terms of use, on the home page or in the segment pages. The nearest provisions are the disclaimers at section 8.3 and in the trial warranty clause stating the service is not a substitute for legal advice, legal research and independent review, which disclaim a role rather than engage published guidance.
The gap is worth noting because case identification and client development are the areas of practice most closely governed by solicitation and referral rules, and nothing addresses them. Searched on 4 September 2026.
Billing and Fee Posture
Does the vendor address what happens to the bill when the work takes an hour instead of six?
The product does not touch a fee between a lawyer and a client. It operates before an engagement exists, or it is bought by a team that bills no client for the work. Savings claims aimed at the buyer’s own cost are recorded in the summary and do not make the row a savings claim, because no client bill is in the loop.
Billing and fee disclosure go unaddressed, and no savings claim is made. The published figures describe exposure surfaced and signals detected rather than time or cost saved, so there is not even a savings claim on the record. Nothing addresses how work originated through the platform should be billed or disclosed to a client, and nothing describes a per matter record of work done with AI. The question has a distinctive shape here, since the product supplies case opportunities to contingency fee firms rather than compressing billable work, but nothing published engages it in either form. Searched the home page, the terms of use and the site navigation on 4 September 2026.
Outside Counsel Guideline Readiness
Can a firm get this vendor through a client’s AI clause without a bespoke negotiation?
A current subprocessor or model provider list is published.
The model providers are named in a published document, and nothing beyond that exists. Section 8.3 of the terms of use identifies the AI service providers as third parties including Anthropic Claude and OpenAI, so a firm can name who is behind the AI without asking. There are three shortfalls. The word including leaves the list open, the same clause reserves the right to change providers at any time without prior notice, so the disclosure cannot be relied on as current, and section 8.1 acknowledges subprocessors generally without naming any.
Nothing addresses a client's consent or notification requirement, and no forwardable pack for clients exists. Section 7.1 is headed Privacy Policy and DPA, but no data processing agreement is linked or published anywhere on the site.
Court Disclosure Support
If a judge’s standing order requires an AI disclosure, can the product produce one?
No located public material addresses court disclosure or verification certification.
Work done with AI leaves no exportable record a firm could put before a court or regulator. Nothing describes an export, an audit trail, a log of which signals or reasoning produced a given output, or any item by item record a firm could put in front of a court or a regulator. No model is recorded against an output, no human verification step is documented, and no disclosure guidance or template was located. The product's output is intelligence a firm acts on rather than a document it files, which softens the question without answering it, since a firm relying on surfaced exposure may still need to account for how a matter was identified. Searched the home page, the terms of use and the site navigation on 4 September 2026.