DeepIP
AI patent assistant embedded natively as a Microsoft Word add-in rather than delivered as a separate browser application, positioned so attorneys draft, edit and validate patent applications inside the environment they already use. Founded in New York and Paris by François-Xavier Leduc, chief executive, and Edouard d'Archimbaud, chief technology officer, who previously built AI systems for Airbus, IBM and SAP. The platform spans drafting, prosecution and portfolio strategy, with proprietary generative models the vendor states are fine tuned for patent law to produce attorney quality output matched to each user's style and jurisdiction, custom models trained on patent data to reduce errors and mimic previously successful filing styles, agentic AI for complex multi step tasks, automatic surfacing of relevant prior art, patentability search, office action deadline management with AI generated response suggestions, and custom firm templates shareable across an organisation. Multi office filing support is stated across the USPTO, EPO, CNIPA, PCT and KIPO among others, adapting language and format to each jurisdiction's standards. Technical domain coverage is stated across life sciences, chemistry, biotech, pharma, materials and software intensive systems, including Markush structures, sequences, drawings and experimental data. Integration is a stated design principle: native Microsoft Word, integration with leading IP management platforms, and a documented API for custom integrations, with the vendor stating that workflow integrations preserve audit trails by design where legacy tools require manual exports that erode traceability. Deployment is offered both cloud based and on premise, which the vendor states is unique among patent drafting solutions, hosted on Microsoft Azure with end to end encryption. Security and data statements include SOC 2 Type II and ISO 27001 certification, GDPR compliance, a strict Zero Data Retention policy, complete data segregation and encrypted storage. Stated traction includes more than 8,500 applications supported and seven figure revenue within seven months of launch. Funding totals $40m: a $15m Series A announced March 2025 led by Resonance with Headline, Serena Capital and Balderton Capital participating, and a $25m Series B announced 2 March 2026. Pricing is not published.
Capability grades
All 15 axes, graded from public sources on the date shown. Hover a grade to see what the letter means on that axis.
AI Centrality
How much of the product is actually AI. Whether the machine learning is the mechanism the buyer is paying for or a feature layered onto conventional software, and whether the vendor is specific about which is which.
The models are the product and the Word add-in is only the delivery surface. The vendor states proprietary generative models fine tuned for patent law, custom models trained on patent data to reduce errors and to mimic previously successful filing styles, and agentic AI handling complex multi step tasks across drafting and portfolio analysis. Founders are described as having built AI systems for Airbus, IBM and SAP before this, so the model work is the founding competence rather than an added capability. Every function is generated or model driven: drafting, office action response suggestions, prior art surfacing, patentability analysis, style matching and portfolio insight. Remove the models and what remains is a Word sidebar with nothing in it. Third consecutive A on this axis in ip-and-patents, and the category now matches the plaintiff pattern at three for three.
Citation Accuracy and Hallucination Disclosure
Whether the vendor publishes measured accuracy on citations and assertions, grounds output to primary sources, and says plainly what its system does when it does not know. Legal has a documented public record of fabricated citations reaching filed briefs, so an untested claim of accuracy is not evidence.
Error reduction is claimed repeatedly and no grounding mechanism or measurement is published. Stated: custom models trained on patent data reduce errors, the platform is engineered to reduce errors and support legal rigor, and relevant prior art is surfaced automatically. Those are claims about outcome rather than descriptions of architecture, and nothing located describes how a generated passage is tied to a source, whether citations to prior art or case law are produced, or whether a user can trace an assertion back. No accuracy figure, no evaluation, no hallucination disclosure and no confidence signal were located. Recorded against the record rather than glossed: an independent three month review of this product states that an AI hallucination issue exists and is manageable with proper review processes. That is a third party observation rather than a vendor disclosure and is not credited as one, and it is noted here because the vendor addresses the risk nowhere. Compare Solve Intelligence at B in this category for publishing a continuous human evaluation methodology, and Patlytics at B for colour coded confidence indicators.
Autonomy and Oversight Model
What the system decides on its own, what a lawyer must approve, and whether the vendor documents where the review point sits. A tool that drafts under review and a tool that files without one are different products and different risks.
A clear positioning statement sits alongside an autonomy claim and neither is reconciled. The vendor states that its tools are designed to augment attorney capabilities rather than replace them and are built through continuous feedback from leading IP firms, which is the right posture. It separately states that its agentic AI takes on complicated multi step jobs, whether drafting patents or extracting insights from an entire portfolio, and that it manages office action deadlines and generates response suggestions. Deadline management on a prosecution docket is an area where an unattended error has consequences that cannot be undone. Nothing published reconciles the two: no statement of what an agent may complete without attorney approval, no confidence threshold, no escalation behaviour, and no description of what review the vendor expects before a generated response is filed. Held at C on that basis, with the observation that a product embedded inside Word places the attorney at the point of authorship structurally, which is oversight by architecture rather than by published policy.
Operational and Outcome Evidence
Named, dated evidence that the product works in production at real firms or legal departments. Case studies with figures and identified customers count. Unattributed testimonials and launch announcements do not.
Company evidence is dated and specific, and no customer is identifiable. Checkable: $40m total funding across a $15m Series A announced March 2025 led by Resonance with Headline, Serena Capital and Balderton Capital participating, and a $25m Series B announced 2 March 2026; named founders with named prior employers; a named chief technology officer quoted describing the product architecture. Traction figures are unusually concrete for an early company: more than 8,500 applications supported and seven figure revenue within seven months of launch. Customer evidence is present but anonymous: a trial period quote reporting approximately 20 percent efficiency improvement in drafting and prosecution, and a security due diligence quote describing evaluation of the Azure deployment and certifications, neither attributed to a named firm or individual. An independent three month review reports 40 to 60 percent reduction in initial drafting time across patent types. Held at B rather than A because no customer is named anywhere in located vendor material, which is the difference between this record and Solve Intelligence at A in the same category.
Privilege and Confidentiality Posture
How client confidences are handled: attorney client privilege and work product treatment, segregation of one client matter from another, whether client data trains any model, and what the vendor commits to in writing rather than in marketing.
A coherent confidentiality set with one element no competitor offers, and no engagement with privilege as a professional concept. Published: SOC 2 Type II and ISO 27001 certification, GDPR compliance, a strict Zero Data Retention policy, complete data segregation, encrypted storage and end to end encryption, deployed on Microsoft Azure. The element that distinguishes this record is on premise deployment, which is graded on the Deployment axis and matters here because it is the only published answer in this category to a firm that cannot let an unpublished application leave its own infrastructure at all. A customer quote describes conducting extensive due diligence on the security infrastructure before selection, which indicates the claims survive procurement scrutiny. What is absent: no treatment of attorney client privilege or work product, no reference to the professional confidentiality obligation, and no acknowledgement that an unpublished application carries consequences beyond ordinary data sensitivity. Compare Patlytics at A and Solve Intelligence at A in this category, both of which engage the professional dimension directly.
UPL and Professional Responsibility Posture
Whether the vendor is clear that it supplies a tool rather than legal advice, who its audience is, and how it addresses unauthorized practice of law, competence and supervision duties, and jurisdiction limits. ABA Formal Opinion 512 is the reference point.
Not located. The product drafts patent applications and generates office action responses filed under a registered practitioner's signature, and it manages prosecution deadlines, all of which engage the duty of competence and the practitioner's responsibility for filed work. The vendor states its tools are designed to augment attorney capabilities rather than replace them, which is a product positioning statement and not a professional responsibility position. No reference to USPTO Rules of Professional Conduct, 37 CFR, duty of competence, or any bar or patent office guidance was located. Checked the home page, the law firm solution page, the product pages, the blog including the drafting guide, and the funding announcements on 29 Aug 2026. Compare Patlytics at B in this category, which names the specific rules directly.
AI Governance and Bias Disclosure
Published governance over model behaviour: who owns it inside the vendor, what is tested before release, and what is disclosed about disparate output across matter types, parties, or populations.
Nothing published about how the models are governed, evaluated or monitored. No AI policy, no model card, no bias or fairness testing, no evaluation methodology or result, no accuracy monitoring, no drift statement, no named governance body, no ISO 42001 and no EU AI Act positioning were located, the last being notable for a company with substantial operations in Paris and a stated European customer base. The vendor's own published guidance on evaluating AI patent drafting software tells buyers to look for versioning and audit trails for internal review and compliance, which engages traceability without addressing model governance. This is the weakest governance position of the three ip-and-patents records built: Patlytics holds an ISO 42001 certificate and Solve Intelligence publishes a continuous evaluation process and an EU AI Act self classification. Checked the home page, the solution pages, the blog library and the funding announcements on 29 Aug 2026.
AI Safety and Data Stewardship
Retention, deletion, access control, and what happens to prompts and documents after they are processed. Whether the vendor states its subprocessors and its incident practice, or leaves the buyer to assume.
A strong and repeatedly stated retention position, with the training question left to inference. Published consistently across the funding announcements, the law firm solution page and independent coverage: a strict Zero Data Retention policy, complete data segregation, encrypted storage, end to end encryption and GDPR compliance, hosted on Microsoft Azure with a customer quote referencing United States based Azure servers. Zero data retention is the strongest retention posture available and it is stated plainly rather than hedged. What is not stated plainly is model training. The vendor's own comparison content lists zero data retention policies that guarantee client data is never used to retrain models among the criteria it prioritised when assessing tools, which is criteria language applied to a field rather than a commitment made about itself, and the distinction is recorded on the signal row. Held at B rather than A on that gap and because no retention default, deletion right or scope boundary is published for data held in the platform as distinct from the model layer.
AI Liability and Recourse
What the vendor stands behind contractually when its output is wrong. Indemnities, caps, carve outs, insurance, and whether any of it is published or only reachable through a negotiated agreement.
No published position located. Nothing was found on liability for AI output, warranty, service levels or remedy. The exposure profile is the category's own and is sharpened by one product feature: office action deadline management. A missed statutory deadline in prosecution can result in abandonment of an application, which is a consequence no review step recovers, and no published service level or liability position addresses it. The drafting exposure is equally severe, since claim scope lost at grant is permanent. Checked the home page, the law firm and corporate solution pages, the product pages and the site navigation on 29 Aug 2026. Enterprise agreements govern this and are not public.
Practice Systems Integration Depth
How deeply the product reaches into the systems legal work already lives in: document management such as iManage and NetDocuments, Word and Outlook, contract lifecycle management, matter management, e-billing, and court filing systems.
THE BEST INTEGRATION POSITION IN THIS CATEGORY, and it closes the gap that held both peers at D. Native Microsoft Word integration is the core architectural decision rather than a connector: the product runs as a Word add-in so attorneys draft, edit and validate inside the environment they already work in, and independent comparison material treats this as the distinguishing feature against browser based competitors. Beyond Word: stated integration with leading IP management platforms, which is the docketing and portfolio layer a prosecution practice actually runs on and which neither Patlytics nor Solve Intelligence names at all, and a documented API for custom integrations, with the Series B announcement stating an intention to extend API capabilities for partner ecosystem developers. The vendor also frames integration as a traceability argument, stating that workflow integrations preserve audit trails by design where legacy tools require manual exports that erode traceability. Held at B rather than A because no IP management platform is named individually, so a firm cannot confirm its own docketing system is supported, and no API documentation was reached in this pass.
Deployment Model and Data Residency
Where the software runs and where the data sits. Multi tenant cloud, single tenant, private deployment, on premises, and whether region of residence is a published option or an enterprise conversation.
ON PREMISE DEPLOYMENT, which no other record in this category offers and which is the only complete answer to the confidentiality problem this category has. The vendor states it is the sole patent drafting solution offering both cloud based and on premise deployment. For a firm or corporate IP department that cannot let an unpublished application leave its own infrastructure, whether because of a client mandate, a foreign filing licence constraint or an export control regime, cloud residency selection is a mitigation and on premise is an answer. Cloud deployment is also specified rather than gestured at: Microsoft Azure is named as the host, with end to end encryption, and a published customer quote references United States based Azure servers assessed during security due diligence. Graded A because naming the host and offering an on premise option together exceed the customer selectable cloud residency that earned Solve Intelligence an A in this category, on the dimension that matters most for unpublished material. Held short of perfection because the only solution claim is a competitive assertion by the vendor about its rivals, no on premise architecture or support detail is published, and no region list is given for cloud customers.
Security Certifications and Trust Center
Independent attestation a buyer can pull without a sales call: SOC 2, ISO 27001, penetration test summaries, a trust center with current reports and named scope rather than a badge image.
Two certifications stated consistently and nothing evidencing them. SOC 2 Type II and ISO 27001 are claimed across the home page, the law firm solution page, both funding announcements and independent coverage, with GDPR compliance alongside, and the consistency of the claim across dated press releases is itself worth something since a false certification claim in a funding announcement carries more consequence than one in marketing copy. A published customer quote states that the certifications and the Azure deployment were assessed in extensive security due diligence, which is third party corroboration that the claims survived a buyer's review. Held at B rather than A on the familiar absences: no auditing firm is named, no examination period, scope or certificate date is published so currency cannot be established, and no trust centre, security page or self serve documentation request route was located. Under the three tier test the artifact is absent rather than gated. Calibration in this category: Patlytics reaches A on three certifications with named penetration testing partners published open, Solve Intelligence sits at B after its certification language was read against its own detailed page, and this record sits at B on two consistently stated certifications with no route to either.
Model Supply Chain Disclosure
Which models sit underneath, whose they are, where they run, and whether the vendor commits to telling customers when that changes. A legal buyer inherits every dependency it cannot see.
The composition of the stack is described in unusual terms and no party is named. The vendor states that the platform uses a combination of proprietary models, third party tools and exclusive data access, which is a three part disclosure acknowledging that external components and privileged data sources both exist. Naming the existence of exclusive data access is uncommon and is a real disclosure about the supply chain rather than about the models alone. What is missing is identity on every limb: no foundation model provider, model family or version is named, no third party tool is identified, no subprocessor list was located, and the exclusive data access is not attributed to any source. Recorded and deliberately not credited as a supply chain fact: an investor in the Series A is associated with a foundation model company, and an investment relationship is not a processing relationship. Compare Onspring at B for naming its provider outright, and Solve Intelligence at B for disclosing the structure with customer controls attached.
Commercial Transparency
Whether a buyer can learn what this costs without entering a sales process: published rates, the unit being charged, what sits behind an enterprise tier, and what implementation adds.
No pricing published at any level. No price, no range, no tier structure and no unit of charge, and no indication of whether cloud and on premise deployment price differently, which is a material question given the vendor presents on premise as a differentiator. An independent three month review states that the pricing concern is real while advising that productivity gains typically justify the investment, which is a reviewer characterising cost without publishing a figure and is recorded as context rather than credited. Every route is a contact or demo request. Checked the home page, the solution pages, the pricing navigation and independent review material on 29 Aug 2026.
Firm and Practice Coverage
Who the product is actually built for. AmLaw, midlaw, small firm and solo, in house departments, government and courts, and which practice areas are supported rather than merely claimed.
THE FIRST RECORD IN THIS CATEGORY TO NAME PATENT OFFICES, which is the coverage question a prosecution practice actually asks. Multi office filing support is stated across the USPTO, EPO, CNIPA, PCT and KIPO among others, with the vendor stating that language and format are adapted to each jurisdiction's standards, and drafting output is matched to the user's jurisdiction as well as their style. Naming the offices lets a practitioner check whether their own filing route is supported, which no other record in this category permits. Technical domain coverage is enumerated across life sciences, chemistry, biotech, pharma, materials and software intensive systems, with the specific artifacts named that determine whether a tool is usable in those fields: Markush structures, sequences, drawings and experimental data. Buyer coverage spans law firms and corporate IP departments with published material addressing invention harvesting, patentability, portfolio pruning, competitive intelligence, prosecution and freedom to operate. Graded A because coverage is stated at the level a buyer verifies against their own docket. Held short of perfection because no prior art corpus scope, date range or update lag is published for the search side.
Legal Signals
What each signal meansA signal records what public sources say on the date shown. It is not a grade and it is not a recommendation. Where a signal reads Not addressed, it means the index did not locate the material in public sources on that date, which is a statement about disclosure rather than about the product.
Client Data in Training
Can material a lawyer puts into this product be used to train a model?
No located term or policy addresses the question either way.
Silent, and the distinction being drawn here is deliberate. The quoted commitment is real, repeated across funding announcements and product pages, and it is a retention commitment: data is not kept. It is not a statement that data is not used to train models while it is present. Those are different questions and this index has separated them consistently. The vendor's own comparison content lists zero data retention policies that guarantee client data is never used to retrain models among the criteria it prioritised when assessing tools in this field, which conflates the two concepts and is criteria language applied to a market rather than a commitment made about this product. Under the standing rule that an ambiguous claim earns nothing, and that this must hold when it costs a grade, the no training position is not credited. Recorded as silent rather than as a negative commitment: zero retention makes training on retained data substantially harder and does not exclude training on data in process. Flagged as a correction candidate in the upward direction, since a direct no training statement may exist on a surface not reached in this pass. Checked the home page, the law firm solution page, both funding announcements and the blog on 29 Aug 2026.
Prompt and Output Retention
How long does the product keep what a lawyer typed, and can that be set to zero?
A specific retention period is published and the customer cannot change it.
Disclosed fixed at zero. The vendor states a strict Zero Data Retention policy, published consistently across dated funding announcements, the law firm solution page and independent coverage, and describes it as ensuring complete data segregation and confidentiality. A stated zero is the floor on this signal and requires no configuration by the customer to achieve. Held at disclosed fixed rather than the customer configurable value because the policy is presented as the vendor's standing posture rather than a setting the customer controls, which distinguishes it from Solve Intelligence where the customer sets zero retention at the model provider layer. Two boundaries are not published and are recorded here: the scope of the policy is not defined as between the platform, the model layer and the Word add in, and nothing states how drafts in progress are held during a working session.
Ethical Walls and Matter Segregation
Does retrieval respect the firm’s ethical walls, or can the model read across them?
Segregation is asserted in public materials with no published detail on how it is enforced.
Claimed and not documented. The vendor states complete data segregation and confidentiality alongside encrypted storage and its zero retention posture, and a published customer quote describes extensive due diligence on the security infrastructure before selection, so segregation is asserted and has been examined by at least one buyer. Nothing documents the mechanism: no statement of whether segregation operates between customers, between users within a firm, or at matter level, and no description of how the Word add in bounds access when an attorney has several clients' applications open in the same environment. The conflicts scenario in patent practice is concrete, since a firm may prosecute for competitors in the same technical field, and no published material addresses it. Compare Solve Intelligence, which states sandboxing to individual users, a finer claim at the same level of documentation.
Third Party Request and Subpoena Notice
If someone subpoenas the vendor for a firm’s data, does the firm hear about it first?
No located term or policy addresses third party requests for customer data.
Not addressed. No government or law enforcement request clause, no commitment to notify a customer before producing their data, and no transparency report were located. The zero data retention posture is materially relevant here and is not a substitute: a vendor holding nothing has less to produce, which reduces exposure without constituting a notice commitment, and nothing states what would happen regarding data in process or held under an on premise arrangement. The vendor operates from New York and Paris, so requests could arrive under two legal regimes, and nothing addresses either. Checked the home page, the solution pages, the funding announcements and the site navigation on 29 Aug 2026.
Primary Law Corpus Provenance
Where does the law in this product come from, and does the vendor have the right to use it?
Sources are identified without stating the licence or rights basis.
Named at the level of category and nothing beyond it. The vendor states that the platform combines proprietary models, third party tools and exclusive data access, and separately that custom models are trained on patent data and that relevant prior art is surfaced automatically. Exclusive data access is an unusual thing to claim and it is a provenance statement of a kind, since it asserts privileged rights to something. Nothing identifies what: no source is named, no patent office or database is credited, no licensing basis is stated, no jurisdictional scope or date range is given for the prior art corpus, and no update lag is published despite multi office filing support across the USPTO, EPO, CNIPA, PCT and KIPO implying substantial data coverage behind it. A practitioner relying on an automatic prior art surface cannot determine what it searched. Compare Patlytics, which states more than 50 million global public patents with stated verification and update processes.
Good Law Verification
Does the product tell you when the authority it just cited has been overruled?
No located public material addresses whether authority is checked for subsequent history.
Not addressed, and applicable on both limbs this category presents. The product generates office action response suggestions, which in prosecution involve characterising cited references and often citing legal authority, and nothing states whether authority is checked for current treatment. The patent specific analogue also applies through automatic prior art surfacing and patentability analysis, where the equivalent question is legal status: whether a surfaced reference is a granted patent still in force, an abandoned application, or a document whose claims were amended or invalidated in post grant proceedings. Nothing published addresses either. Third consecutive record in this category to leave this signal unanswered, after Patlytics and Solve Intelligence. Checked the product pages, the patentability page, the blog and the home page on 29 Aug 2026.
Refusal and Uncertainty Behaviour
What does the product do when the answer is not in the corpus?
No located public material addresses what the product does when it cannot ground an answer.
Not addressed, and an independent review reports the failure mode the vendor does not describe. Nothing published states whether a low confidence generation is flagged, whether the system declines where a disclosure is insufficient to support a claim, or what signal accompanies an office action response suggestion the model is unsure of. An independent three month review of this product states that an AI hallucination issue exists and is manageable with proper review processes, which confirms the behaviour occurs while placing the entire burden of detecting it on the attorney. That is a reasonable expectation of a patent practitioner and it is not a substitute for the product indicating where it is uncertain. Compare Patlytics at documented in this category, on colour coded confidence indicators surfaced to the reader. Checked the home page, the product pages, the blog and independent review material on 29 Aug 2026.
Fabricated Citation Record
Does a public court record exist involving output from this product?
No court order, opinion or disciplinary record naming this product has been located as of the date shown. This is a statement about the public record, not a finding about the product.
None located, with the instrument named. General web searches combining the vendor and product names with court, order, sanction, fabricated citation and patent terms returned nothing on 29 Aug 2026, and no named docket database, USPTO record system or court record tracker was searched. Recorded as a statement about what this search found, not as a clearance. The exposure shape is a mischaracterised prior art reference or a defective citation inside an office action response filed at a patent office, which would surface in a prosecution file wrapper rather than in a published court opinion, and the independent report of a hallucination issue makes the search worth repeating with a proper instrument on a later pass.
Bar Guidance Alignment
Has the vendor engaged in public with the ethics opinions its buyers are bound by?
No located public material engages with bar or ethics guidance.
Not addressed. No named ethics opinion, no USPTO Rules of Professional Conduct reference, no 37 CFR citation, no duty of competence discussion and no bar guidance was located. The vendor publishes a substantial buyer education library covering evaluation criteria, drafting workflows and best practices, and that material addresses security, output quality and workflow fit without reaching the professional rules that govern the practitioner signing the filing. Second of three records in this category at this value, with Patlytics the exception at generic reference. Checked the blog library, the home page, the solution pages and the site navigation on 29 Aug 2026.
Billing and Fee Posture
Does the vendor address what happens to the bill when the work takes an hour instead of six?
Public materials claim time savings without addressing billing or disclosure.
Savings claims only, corroborated independently at a lower figure than the vendor states. Vendor published: up to 50 percent of drafting time saved. Customer quoted in vendor material: approximately 20 percent improvement in drafting and prosecution efficiency during a trial. Independent three month review: 40 to 60 percent reduction in initial drafting time across patent types. The spread between the vendor's own customer quote at 20 percent and its headline at 50 percent is worth recording, since both appear on vendor surfaces and neither carries methodology, baseline or scope. Nothing appears on the client's side of the equation: no position on how AI assisted drafting time should be recorded on an invoice, and no exportable record showing what portion of an application or office action response was machine generated, which matters for a product sold to firms billing prosecution hourly to corporate clients who increasingly ask.
Outside Counsel Guideline Readiness
Can a firm get this vendor through a client’s AI clause without a bespoke negotiation?
No located public material supports a client side disclosure obligation.
Not addressed. Certifications are published openly and are citable, being SOC 2 Type II, ISO 27001 and GDPR compliance alongside a stated Zero Data Retention policy and named Azure hosting, so a firm has real content for a client questionnaire. No route to anything underneath was located: no trust centre, no security page, no request path for the SOC 2 report, no subprocessor list, no named model provider despite the vendor confirming third party tools are in use, and no data processing agreement. A firm can repeat the claims and cannot obtain a document. Same position as Patlytics in this category, which publishes more and also offers no route, and behind Solve Intelligence which operates a live trust centre. Checked the home page, the solution pages, the funding announcements and the site navigation on 29 Aug 2026.
Court Disclosure Support
If a judge’s standing order requires an AI disclosure, can the product produce one?
Some elements of the record are available, short of a document level export.
Partial record, and this vendor makes traceability an explicit argument rather than an incidental feature. The stated position is that workflow integrations with Microsoft Word and leading IP management systems preserve audit trails by design, where legacy software requiring manual exports erodes traceability, and the vendor's own buyer guidance names versioning and audit trails for internal review and compliance as a criterion to demand. Drafting inside Word means the document's own revision history captures the work, which is a real and unusually practical answer to the process limb. The gaps are the familiar two, and the first is sharpened by the architecture: nothing indicates that output is marked or recorded as machine generated, so a Word revision history shows edits without distinguishing which passages the model produced, and no human verification record is captured showing that a practitioner reviewed and adopted generated claim language before filing. The forum here is a patent office file wrapper rather than a court, and the same question applies.