K
Knovos Discovery
Knovos Discovery is the eDiscovery platform of Knovos, a Fairfax, Virginia company founded in 2002 as Capital Legal Solutions and renamed Knovos in 2017. Gita and Dharmesh Shingala founded it and run it as a women and minority owned business. The platform covers processing, early case assessment, review with technology assisted review, redaction including native Excel files, analytics and production, and handles chat data from Slack, Teams and WhatsApp across more than 150 languages.
Generative AI comes from Knovos Insight, a retrieval augmented engine shared across the Knovos products. It tags documents from natural language prompts with a rationale and confidence value, answers questions with cited excerpts, summarizes across languages and finds more than 150 types of personal and health information. Customers can plug in their own model from OpenAI, Google, Anthropic or a private source. It runs as Knovos Cloud SaaS, in a customer's own AWS, Azure or Google Cloud account, in its own data center including air gapped sites, or as Discovery Lite on a single laptop.
Service providers can white label it. Licensing is a fixed annual fee per user or case with no per gigabyte hosting charge, or pay as you go.
Knovos Discovery, head to head
Side by side on the same 15 capability axes and 12 legal signals: where the two part company, and what neither one publishes.
Alternatives to Knovos Discovery
Vendors in the same categories as Knovos Discovery whose graded profiles look most alike, with a line on what each product does.
Similar is not the same, so check that each one does the job you need. No vendor pays for placement.
- VVenio SystemsVenio Systems is an ediscovery platform that runs legal hold, collection, processing, early case assessment, review and production in one system for law firms, corporate legal departments…
- CCaseMarkCaseMark turns a litigation record into the work product a matter needs, with each statement cited back to the page it came from.
- DDodonaiDodonai is an AI document processing platform for litigation teams, built around two jobs.
- MMerlin Search TechnologiesMerlin Search Technologies makes Alchemy, an AI ediscovery and investigations platform covering processing, search, review and production.
- BBriefpointBriefpoint is an AI drafting tool for written discovery in civil litigation.
- DDepositions by FilevineDepositions by Filevine is a remote deposition service and platform for attorneys, insurance carriers and court reporting firms, formerly sold as Parrot and now part of Filevine.
Ordered by how closely the graded profiles match across the 15 capability axes, inside the same categories. See how each axis is graded in the methodology.
Capability grades
All 15 axes, graded from public sources on the date shown. Hover a grade to see what the letter means on that axis.
AI Centrality
How much of the product is actually AI. Whether the machine learning is the mechanism the buyer is paying for or a feature layered onto conventional software, and whether the vendor is specific about which is which.
Knovos Discovery is a full eDiscovery platform first. Processing, deNIST filtering, deduplication, email normalization, early case assessment, review batches, redaction and production with Bates ranges and privilege logs all run without a language model. AI drives a growing share of the review. Knovos Insight tags documents as responsive, non responsive or by issue from a natural language case prompt. It answers questions over the review set with cited excerpts, summarizes in the reviewer's language, transcribes audio and video, and finds personal and health information across more than 300 file formats.
Technology assisted review, sentiment and theme detection, image analytics and name normalization sit alongside it. The same Insight engine powers the other Knovos products, Manage, Rooms, GRC and Arbitrate, rather than being sold as a separate AI product.
Citation Accuracy and Hallucination Disclosure
Whether the vendor publishes measured accuracy on citations and assertions, grounds output to primary sources, and says plainly what its system does when it does not know. Legal has a documented public record of fabricated citations reaching filed briefs, so an untested claim of accuracy is not evidence.
Insight is built on retrieval augmented generation over the customer's own documents, and its answers come back with cited source excerpts that reviewers can trace. Review predictions carry a rationale and the uncertainties the model flagged. Knovos goes further in its claims, describing output as never invented and never hallucinated, and says Knovos Discovery reviewed 4.3 million documents at 90 percent accuracy. No test set, method or error breakdown sits behind the 90 percent figure, and no precision or recall result is released for prompt based review or technology assisted review.
Autonomy and Oversight Model
What the system decides on its own, what a lawyer must approve, and whether the vendor documents where the review point sits. A tool that drafts under review and a tool that files without one are different products and different risks.
Human judgment is a stated design principle. Its AI, in Knovos's words, supports judgment while people make the decisions, always. In review, Insight predicts responsive, non responsive and issue tags across the full set, and each prediction shows its rationale, a confidence value and flagged uncertainties so reviewers can validate, refine and defend it. Privilege log drafting and personal data detection are framed the same way, with legal oversight kept in the loop.
A reviewer management console assigns batches and tracks progress in real time, quality control steps run through review and production, and every AI action is logged. The confidence level at which a prediction must go to a person, and what happens after a wrong call, are left to each team.
Operational and Outcome Evidence
Named, dated evidence that the product works in production at real firms or legal departments. Case studies with figures and identified customers count. Unattributed testimonials and launch announcements do not.
Every customer story is anonymous. One case study describes an elite litigation and regulatory firm with more than 3,500 legal professionals in over 30 offices that moved its eDiscovery project management onto Knovos Manage. Another describes a United States government law office running Knovos Discovery for several years in a dedicated cloud environment that Knovos builds and manages. A large research university is said to have replaced three tools with it for public records work, and a senior manager at an unnamed global AM 100 law firm recommends Knovos.
Outcome figures come without a customer or a method behind them, including 4.3 million documents reviewed at 90 percent accuracy and review volumes cut by 60 to 80 percent with technology assisted review.
Privilege and Confidentiality Posture
How client confidences are handled: attorney client privilege and work product treatment, segregation of one client matter from another, whether client data trains any model, and what the vendor commits to in writing rather than in marketing.
Confidentiality rests on architecture and on agreements signed outside public view. Each client signs a confidentiality and nondisclosure agreement with Knovos, which keeps engagement data under strict privacy rules because much of it is evidence. Its AI runs inside the same access controls as the documents, and with a customer's own model the processing stays inside the customer's environment, with no exposure to outside cloud AI.
Tenants on Knovos Cloud are isolated from each other. Nothing published commits Knovos itself to never training on client data, states a retention period for prompts or outputs, or addresses privilege and work product handling.
UPL and Professional Responsibility Posture
Whether the vendor is clear that it supplies a tool rather than legal advice, who its audience is, and how it addresses unauthorized practice of law, competence and supervision duties, and jurisdiction limits. ABA Formal Opinion 512 is the reference point. Where the advice line is not the duty a product raises, the axis is read through the nearest professional duty it does raise: judicial conduct rules and the reviewing duty for products sold only to courts, and the duty to bill for time actually spent for products that draft time entries.
The terms of use state that Capital Legal Solutions, LLC, doing business as Knovos, is not authorized to practice law or provide legal services. Its services cover only the non legal, administrative side of document review and discovery projects. Its AI principles add that people make the decisions and that AI extends professional expertise without overruling it. The platform is sold to law firms, legal departments, government offices and investigators rather than to the public. No ethics opinion, supervision duty or jurisdiction limit is named.
AI Governance and Bias Disclosure
Published governance over model behavior: who owns it inside the vendor, what is tested before release, and what is disclosed about disparate output across matter types, parties, or populations.
Knovos publishes five AI principles. AI is native to every product, grounded in the customer's content, defensible through audit trails and confidence values, sovereign through the customer's choice of model and infrastructure, and led by people. Customers who bring their own model can evaluate, monitor and govern it inside their own environment, and every AI decision is logged. No testing done before release is described, and no one inside Knovos is named as accountable for AI.
Nothing addresses uneven output across languages, custodians or document types, although the product is sold on review in more than 150 languages.
AI Safety and Data Stewardship
Retention, deletion, access control, and what happens to prompts and documents after they are processed. Whether the vendor states its subprocessors and its incident practice, or leaves the buyer to assume.
Controls are described in detail. Data is encrypted with AES-256 at rest and in transit, and Knovos Cloud tenants are isolated. Role based access defines who does what on which data set, administrators can block unapproved IP ranges, and audit logs record who changed what and when. Customer managed encryption keys and SIEM integration are available in every deployment model. Subprocessor disclosures, data processing addenda and standard contractual clauses are available through procurement.
The privacy policy covers marketing data under the Data Privacy Framework rather than case data. Discovery Lite keeps everything on one machine with no cloud dependency and writes a tamper evident audit entry for each action. No retention period, deletion process or breach notice practice for customer data is published.
AI Liability and Recourse
What the vendor stands behind contractually when its output is wrong. Indemnities, caps, carve outs, insurance, and whether any of it is published or only reachable through a negotiated agreement.
The only published terms are the website terms and conditions, last updated 18 January 2023, which also apply to transactions for Knovos products and services unless another contract says otherwise. They cap Knovos's liability at the total price paid, exclude indirect damages, provide everything as is, and have the customer indemnify Knovos. The product license and any service level agreement are signed separately and are not published, and nothing addresses who bears the loss when an AI tag or summary is wrong.
Practice Systems Integration Depth
How deeply the product reaches into the systems legal work already lives in: document management such as iManage and NetDocuments, Word and Outlook, contract lifecycle management, matter management, e-billing, and court filing systems.
Connections are described at the infrastructure level. Onboarding to Knovos Cloud covers single sign on and user provisioning against the customer's identity stack, every deployment can feed a customer's SIEM, and BYAIM connects outside or private models through standard APIs. Processed data from other platforms imports through load files with metadata field mapping, and chat exports from Slack, Teams and WhatsApp load for review.
Legal holds, matter management and billing live in Knovos Manage, a separate Knovos product. No documented connector to a document management system such as iManage or NetDocuments, or to a third party matter or billing system, is offered.
Deployment Model and Data Residency
Where the software runs and where the data sits. Multi tenant cloud, single tenant, private deployment, on premises, and whether region of residence is a published option or an enterprise conversation.
Four ways to run the platform are set out side by side. Knovos Cloud is a managed SaaS with tenants isolated from each other and a region chosen at provisioning from a regional footprint. Bring Your Cloud runs it in the customer's own AWS, Azure or Google Cloud account or private cloud, in the regions the customer picks. Bring Your Data Center installs it on premises, air gapped where required, and hybrid setups mix the three with migration between them.
A comparison table shows what changes in each model, from who owns the infrastructure to security configuration and audit access. AI processing follows the data, since a customer's own model runs inside the environment where the documents sit. Discovery Lite installs on one laptop for offline and field work. The regions in the SaaS footprint are not listed by name.
Security Certifications and Trust Center
Independent attestation a buyer can pull without a sales call: SOC 2, ISO 27001, penetration test summaries, a trust center with current reports and named scope rather than a badge image.
Knovos Cloud holds ISO 27001:2022, SOC 2 Type 2 and Cyber Essentials certification, and Knovos is certified under the Data Privacy Framework for marketing data. No auditor, report date or scope is given, and no trust center offers the reports. In customer hosted and on premises deployments, the customer's own controls govern the environment.
Model Supply Chain Disclosure
Which models sit underneath, whose they are, where they run, and whether the vendor commits to telling customers when that changes. A legal buyer inherits every dependency it cannot see.
Knovos Insight is described as a proprietary engine built on retrieval augmented generation and multi LLM orchestration. Customers can swap in their own model from OpenAI, Google, Anthropic, an open source project or a private deployment. When a customer brings a model, that model runs where the data lives and the customer controls its version. The language models behind the native Insight engine are not named, and nothing says how customers are told when they change.
Commercial Transparency
Whether a buyer can learn what this costs without entering a sales process: published rates, the unit being charged, what sits behind an enterprise tier, and what implementation adds.
Three licensing paths are published with their units and terms. Standard licensing is a fixed annual license per user or per case, with no per gigabyte hosting fee, unlimited storage and processing, and 24/7 support and training included. Pay as you go is usage based with no long term commitment, aimed at firms with uneven caseloads. Enterprise agreements carry custom, multi year pricing with discounts for high volume service providers and large organizations.
The managed cloud follows the same subscription or pay as you go choice, with onboarding and data migration included. No price appears for any path.
Firm and Practice Coverage
Who the product is actually built for. AmLaw, midlaw, small firm and solo, in house departments, government and courts, and which practice areas are supported rather than merely claimed.
Buyers are named in some detail. Law firms use it for litigation and arbitration review, and service providers can white label it. Corporations use it for investigations, breach review and data subject requests, government agencies for FOIA and investigations, and law enforcement and forensic teams run Discovery Lite on seized devices. Use cases extend to regulatory inquiries, M&A diligence, IP and pharmaceutical discovery and healthcare breach review.
Review works across more than 150 languages, and personal data detection is tuned to regional identifiers such as Aadhaar and CURP. The SaaS option is pitched at teams without on premises mandates, with sovereign or classified work steered to the other models. No practice area or matter size is excluded.
6 public documents
The public pages on file for Knovos Discovery, with the recorded signals each one supports and the date it was last read. Open any of them and check the reading against the record.
-
knovos.com/company/knovos-insight3 signals
Ethical Walls and Matter Segregation, Refusal and Uncertainty Behavior, Court Disclosure Support
Read Oct 13, 2026
-
Fabricated Citation Record
Read Oct 13, 2026
-
Outside Counsel Guideline Readiness
Read Oct 13, 2026
-
knovos.com/privacy-policy1 signal
Third Party Request and Subpoena Notice
Read Oct 13, 2026
-
Billing and Fee Posture
Read Oct 13, 2026
-
knovos.com/terms-conditions1 signal
Client Data in Training
Read Oct 13, 2026
Legal Signals
What each signal meansA signal records what public sources say on the date shown. It is not a grade and it is not a recommendation. Where a signal reads Not addressed, it means the index did not locate the material in public sources on that date, which is a statement about disclosure rather than about the product.
Client Data in Training
Can material a lawyer puts into this product be used to train a model?
A published agreement or policy exists and none of it addresses the question either way, or the document that would answer it could not be read and the summary names the retrieval limit. The summary states which shape the silence takes: an improvement right granted that never names training, or no improvement right granted at all.
The published terms and conditions, last updated 18 January 2023, grant Knovos no right to use customer content beyond the transaction and say nothing about training, and the privacy policy covers marketing data only. When a customer brings its own model, Knovos says all AI processing stays inside the customer's environment with no exposure to outside cloud AI. Nothing says whether the native Insight engine learns from customer documents, and the product license itself is not published.
Prompt and Output Retention
How long does the product keep what a lawyer typed, and can that be set to zero?
No located public material states how long prompts and outputs are retained.
No retention period for prompts, AI output or case data is stated for any deployment model. Every AI action is written to an audit log, and in customer hosted deployments the customer's own infrastructure holds the data. Customers keep full ownership and control of their data in hybrid setups, according to Knovos, and can move workloads between deployment models.
Ethical Walls and Matter Segregation
Does retrieval respect the firm’s ethical walls, or can the model read across them?
Segregation is asserted in public materials with no published detail on how it is enforced.
Knovos says every Insight capability runs under the same access controls as the documents, and that Insight can be configured down to the matter level. Role based access defines who acts on which data set, Knovos Cloud tenants are isolated, and white label service providers get multi client handling. Super administrators can also restrict logins to approved IP ranges. How matter level walls are set up is not described.
Third Party Request and Subpoena Notice
If someone subpoenas the vendor for a firm’s data, does the firm hear about it first?
Published terms or policy address disclosure to authorities or in response to legal process, and no commitment or reservation regarding customer notice is located anywhere. The vendor has told the customer that data can leave and has said nothing about whether the customer hears of it.
The privacy policy says Knovos may have to disclose personal information in response to a lawful request by public authorities, including for national security or law enforcement. It will comply under the guidance of its clients and their lawyers because it acts on their behalf. No commitment to tell the client before or after a disclosure is made, and no transparency report is published.
Primary Law Corpus Provenance
Where does the law in this product come from, and does the vendor have the right to use it?
No located public material identifies the corpus behind the product’s answers.
Knovos Discovery works on documents and data the customer collects, and Insight retrieves only from that set, so no body of law or legal content license is involved.
Good Law Verification
Does the product tell you when the authority it just cited has been overruled?
No located public material addresses whether authority is checked for subsequent history.
The platform reviews evidence rather than legal authority, so no citator or subsequent history check applies. Its citations point to excerpts in the customer's own documents.
Refusal and Uncertainty Behavior
What does the product do when the answer is not in the corpus?
The product exposes a confidence or grounding score without an explicit abstention path.
Insight attaches a rationale, a confidence value and any uncertainties it flagged to each review prediction, so reviewers can check the weaker calls. No behavior is described for declining to tag a document or answer a question when the source material does not support one.
Fabricated Citation Record
Does a public court record exist addressing fabricated or hallucinated legal citations in output from this product?
No court order, opinion or disciplinary record addressing fabricated or hallucinated legal citations produced by this product has been located as of the date shown. This is a statement about the public record on that one subject, not a finding about the product, and this signal is not a litigation history.
The AI Hallucination Cases database maintained by Damien Charlotin, which records court decisions worldwide that address hallucinated AI content and the tool involved where known, has no entry naming Knovos or Knovos Discovery. The product reviews collected evidence and produces it, and drafts no court filings.
Bar Guidance Alignment
Has the vendor engaged in public with the ethics opinions its buyers are bound by?
No located public material engages with bar or ethics guidance.
No ethics opinion or bar guidance is named anywhere in Knovos's materials. Its terms of use limit its services to the non legal side of review and discovery, and its AI principles keep decisions with people.
Billing and Fee Posture
Does the vendor address what happens to the bill when the work takes an hour instead of six?
Public materials claim time savings without addressing billing or disclosure, and the product sits inside a fee relationship between a lawyer and a client where those savings would change the bill.
Knovos tells law firms that technology assisted review cuts review volumes by 60 to 80 percent and that native Excel redaction avoids costly image conversions. It frames AI as an answer to client pressure on outside counsel spend. Nothing addresses how AI assisted review should be recorded or disclosed on a client's bill.
Outside Counsel Guideline Readiness
Can a firm get this vendor through a client’s AI clause without a bespoke negotiation?
The material exists behind a sales conversation or an executed agreement.
Subprocessor disclosures, data processing addenda and standard contractual clauses for Knovos Cloud are provided through procurement rather than published. Customers who bring their own model choose and govern the model provider themselves.
Court Disclosure Support
If a judge’s standing order requires an AI disclosure, can the product produce one?
Some elements of the record are available, short of a document level export.
Every AI action is logged in an audit trail, and review predictions keep their rationale, confidence value and cited excerpts. Production reports list Bates ranges, privilege logs and withheld documents, and chain of custody documentation travels with each export. User access tracking records IP addresses and timestamps. No document level export ties the model used, its sources and human verification together.