Clearbrief
Citation and fact verification layer for legal writing, delivered as a Microsoft Word add in and aimed at litigators, in house teams, courts, arbitrators and government agencies working on fact intensive documents. Detects every citation in a document to both facts and law, scores how well each sentence is supported by the page it cites, and flags missing sources, formatting errors and weak support. The Cite Check Report is a downloadable per document audit trail of citation review activity with hyperlinks to each flagged item for the signing attorney. Deliberately uses classic machine learning and natural language processing rather than generative models for the checking function, so the checker itself cannot hallucinate, alongside separate generative features for drafting. Displays cited authority through integrations with LexisNexis, requiring a subscription, and Fastcase and vLex, not requiring one, and maps proprietary Westlaw citations to those databases. Produces hyperlinked filings a judge or client can open without a Clearbrief subscription. Enterprise Bring Your Own Storage option keeps uploaded documents in the customer's own cloud. Founded by Jacqueline Schafer, a former assistant attorney general.
Capability grades
All 15 axes, graded from public sources on the date shown. Hover a grade to see what the letter means on that axis.
AI Centrality
How much of the product is actually AI. Whether the machine learning is the mechanism the buyer is paying for or a feature layered onto conventional software, and whether the vendor is specific about which is which.
The models are the product, and the architecture choice is itself the differentiator. Citation detection across a document, the patented semantic scoring that measures how well a sentence is supported by the page it cites, and concept search across uploaded discovery are all machine learning and natural language processing. The vendor deliberately does not use generative models for the checking function, stating that classic AI means the checking tool cannot itself introduce hallucinations, while shipping separate generative features for drafting. Remove the models and nothing remains but a Word toolbar. Worth recording plainly since the index grades AI centrality: not being generative is not the same as not being AI, and the distinction is the point of this product.
Citation Accuracy and Hallucination Disclosure
Whether the vendor publishes measured accuracy on citations and assertions, grounds output to primary sources, and says plainly what its system does when it does not know. Legal has a documented public record of fabricated citations reaching filed briefs, so an untested claim of accuracy is not evidence.
Grounding is real, documented and mechanised, short of published measurement of the checker itself. The retrieval method is described concretely: citations are detected in the Word document, matched against caselaw databases through LexisNexis where the user holds a subscription and Fastcase and vLex where they do not, with proprietary Westlaw citations mapped across to those databases, and where a source cannot be displayed automatically the product still reports that the citation is verifiable and accepts a manual upload. Output grounds to sources the reader opens directly, with hyperlinks from every citation to the specific page and text. The failure mode is named rather than implied, and named unusually well: the vendor states that because the checking runs on classic AI rather than generative models there is no risk of the checker introducing hallucinations of its own, which is a disclosure about its own architecture that most vendors never make. What keeps this off an A is measurement of the product's own performance: searched the vendor site, the blog, the sandbox site and trade coverage on 29 Aug 2026 and located no published false positive or false negative rate for citation detection, no accuracy figure for the semantic score, no test set and no independent evaluation.
Autonomy and Oversight Model
What the system decides on its own, what a lawyer must approve, and whether the vendor documents where the review point sits. A tool that drafts under review and a tool that files without one are different products and different risks.
A real published commitment with concrete review surfaces, and the product exists to serve oversight rather than to reduce it. The vendor states that source linked outputs keep humans in control and the evidence in view, and the Cite Check Report is explicitly built for the partner signing a filing, listing every citation with hyperlinks so each flagged issue can be reviewed in context. The founder frames the problem as partners being sanctioned for citation errors they did not personally make, which is a supervision argument. Not located as of 29 Aug 2026: the threshold at which a semantic score is treated as low, whether that threshold is configurable, and what the vendor commits to when its own checker misses something. That last matters here more than for most, because a verification tool that fails silently leaves a lawyer more confident than before they used it.
Operational and Outcome Evidence
Named, dated evidence that the product works in production at real firms or legal departments. Case studies with figures and identified customers count. Unattributed testimonials and launch announcements do not.
User categories and testimonials stand in for deployment evidence. The vendor states the product is used by courts, Am Law firms, government agencies, arbitrators and legal teams handling high stakes matters, which is a notable set because courts and arbitrators are adopters rather than customers in the ordinary sense, and an attributed testimonial describes the LexisNexis backed hallucination detection in practice. Searched the vendor site, the blog, the sandbox site and trade coverage on 29 Aug 2026 and located no named organisation paired with figures and a date, no case study, and no assessable method. Categories of adopter are not the same as a named deployment.
Privilege and Confidentiality Posture
How client confidences are handled: attorney client privilege and work product treatment, segregation of one client matter from another, whether client data trains any model, and what the vendor commits to in writing rather than in marketing.
Substantive commitments resting on an architectural choice, short of the full picture. The strongest element is Bring Your Own Storage, an enterprise option under which all uploaded documents remain inside the organisation's own cloud storage environment, which answers the confidentiality question by removing the vendor from custody rather than by promising to be careful with it. The vendor states the product is built for sensitive privileged legal work with enterprise grade security, privacy and access controls, and that work stays in the environment the team and IT already trust. A policy of not using client data for model training is reported, though located in third party review material rather than on a vendor page reached in this pass. Two gaps hold this off an A. Retention and deletion terms for customers not using Bring Your Own Storage were not located. Attorney client privilege and work product are invoked as a description of the work rather than addressed as a handling question, and no segregation model between users or matters was located.
UPL and Professional Responsibility Posture
Whether the vendor is clear that it supplies a tool rather than legal advice, who its audience is, and how it addresses unauthorized practice of law, competence and supervision duties, and jurisdiction limits. ABA Formal Opinion 512 is the reference point.
Substantive engagement with the professional duty the product exists to serve, short of the specific limbs an A requires. The vendor publishes material on how large firms operationalise responsible AI through citation checking policies, describes the norm courts expect that every sentence carries a verifiable citation in a standardised format, and frames the risk in terms of sanctions and reputational damage to the signing partner. That is engagement with candour to the court and with supervision of others' work, which is more than a disclaimer and more than most records here manage. The audience is professional throughout, spanning litigators, in house teams, courts, arbitrators and government agencies, with no consumer surface located. Short of an A because competence is not addressed as such, no statement on the advice line was located, and no jurisdiction limits are stated beyond references to Bluebook and local style rules.
AI Governance and Bias Disclosure
Published governance over model behaviour: who owns it inside the vendor, what is tested before release, and what is disclosed about disparate output across matter types, parties, or populations.
A published position on responsible AI without a governance mechanism a buyer could audit. The vendor publishes on how firms should operationalise responsible AI through citation checking policies, and its architectural decision to keep generative models out of the verification path is a real governance choice with a stated rationale rather than a slogan. Searched the vendor site, the blog, the sandbox site and trade coverage on 29 Aug 2026 and located no published AI governance framework, no AI management certification such as ISO 42001, no named owner of model governance, no pre release testing regime, and nothing on uneven output across matter types, parties or populations. For a scoring product the last is a live question: a semantic score that behaves differently across drafting styles or document types would be invisible to a user and nothing published addresses it.
AI Safety and Data Stewardship
Retention, deletion, access control, and what happens to prompts and documents after they are processed. Whether the vendor states its subprocessors and its incident practice, or leaves the buyer to assume.
A general posture with one strong architectural element and little published detail. Bring Your Own Storage is real and material, letting an organisation keep uploaded documents in its own cloud, and the vendor states it works with customer security and IT teams through procurement and review. Beyond that the published material is general: enterprise grade security, privacy and access controls that IT and security teams can trust. Searched the vendor site, the blog, the sandbox site and trade coverage on 29 Aug 2026 and located no retention period, no deletion control, no encryption specifics, no named subprocessor list, and no incident or breach notification practice. Note also that published filings are hosted in the vendor's secure cloud for judges and clients to read, which is a second data location with no published terms attached to it.
AI Liability and Recourse
What the vendor stands behind contractually when its output is wrong. Indemnities, caps, carve outs, insurance, and whether any of it is published or only reachable through a negotiated agreement.
Searched the vendor site navigation, the blog, the sandbox site and trade coverage on 29 Aug 2026. No published indemnity, liability cap, carve out, warranty on output or insurance position was located, and no customer terms of service was located as published on the property. Recorded as a pure absence on the surfaces reached. The shape of the gap is worth naming: this product is bought specifically to prevent sanctionable citation errors reaching a filing, and it publishes nothing about what happens if it misses one. A verification tool carries a different recourse question from a drafting tool, because its value is the assurance itself.
Practice Systems Integration Depth
How deeply the product reaches into the systems legal work already lives in: document management such as iManage and NetDocuments, Word and Outlook, contract lifecycle management, matter management, e-billing, and court filing systems.
CORRECTED 29 Aug 2026 during the trust portal sweep. The previous note stated that no named document management connector such as iManage or NetDocuments was located. That was wrong. The vendor names four document repository integrations in its own published material: Relativity, iManage, NetDocuments and Clio, describing them as letting a firm leverage existing secure infrastructure while adding the verification layer on top. For a litigation verification product that is the right connector set, spanning the two dominant law firm document management systems, the dominant ediscovery platform and the dominant small firm practice management system, and it is a materially stronger position than the note previously recorded. The rest of the row stands and is why this remains B rather than A. Delivery is a native Microsoft Word add in rather than a connector alongside Word, which is where drafting and signing happen. Research integrations are named individually with their commercial terms stated: LexisNexis where the customer holds a subscription, Fastcase and vLex where no subscription is required, with proprietary Westlaw citations mapped across so they remain checkable. Not located as of 29 Aug 2026: an integrations index page, and per integration documentation describing what each connector moves, in which direction, and what an administrator configures. Named connectors without that documentation is the B band.
Deployment Model and Data Residency
Where the software runs and where the data sits. Multi tenant cloud, single tenant, private deployment, on premises, and whether region of residence is a published option or an enterprise conversation.
Deployment model is stated clearly with a genuine customer controlled option, short of residency detail. Two models are published and the difference is meaningful: the standard cloud service, and an enterprise Bring Your Own Storage option under which uploaded documents remain in the organisation's own cloud storage environment, which the vendor presents as giving additional control over data residency and confidentiality. Customer held storage is a stronger answer than a region selector because the customer keeps custody. What is missing is the rest of the picture: searched the vendor site, the blog, the sandbox site and trade coverage on 29 Aug 2026 and located no hosting provider for the standard service, no named regions, no tenancy model, and no statement of where processing happens as distinct from where documents are stored, which matters because processing occurs even when storage is the customer's.
Security Certifications and Trust Center
Independent attestation a buyer can pull without a sales call: SOC 2, ISO 27001, penetration test summaries, a trust center with current reports and named scope rather than a badge image.
CORRECTED 29 Aug 2026 during the trust portal sweep. Previously recorded with the certification claim attributed to third party review material and the note stating it was not located on a vendor page. That was wrong: the vendor states SOC 2 Type 2 certification on its own blog, describing it as demonstrating that it meets rigorous data protection standards and helping a lawyer fulfil the duty to protect client confidentiality through verified security controls. Source basis corrected from third party to vendor published accordingly. Also stated by the vendor in the same material: the Bring Your Own Storage option, framed explicitly as letting a firm control where client data is stored to meet jurisdictional requirements or firm retention policies, which is the vendor connecting that feature to professional obligations rather than to convenience. The grade nonetheless remains C for the reasons originally given, none of which the correction touches: no coverage period, no audit scope, no report date, no named auditing firm, no trust portal and no published request route were located, and the vendor's stated diligence path is to work with a customer's security and IT teams through procurement, which is a sales linked route rather than a self serve one. A certification asserted on a marketing page without scope, currency or an evidence route is the C band.
Model Supply Chain Disclosure
Which models sit underneath, whose they are, where they run, and whether the vendor commits to telling customers when that changes. A legal buyer inherits every dependency it cannot see.
The architecture is described more clearly than most and the components are not named. Published and unusually specific: the verification path runs on classic machine learning and natural language processing rather than generative models, with a patented scoring system, so a buyer knows the checking function does not depend on a third party foundation model at all. Generative features exist separately for drafting. Searched the vendor site, the blog, the sandbox site and trade coverage on 29 Aug 2026 and located no named model or provider behind the generative features, no statement of where models run, no subprocessor list, and no commitment to notify customers when the supply chain changes. Knowing that the critical path avoids generative models is genuinely useful and is not the same as knowing what the rest of the stack is.
Commercial Transparency
Whether a buyer can learn what this costs without entering a sales process: published rates, the unit being charged, what sits behind an enterprise tier, and what implementation adds.
Checked the vendor site navigation, the blog and the sandbox site on 29 Aug 2026. No pricing page was located, no rate is published, no unit of charge is stated and no tier structure appears on the surfaces reached. Third party review material states that pricing is custom quoted, which confirms the absence rather than filling it. Every commercial path located terminates in a demo or contact request. One published commercial fact worth recording, though it is not pricing: a recipient of a hyperlinked filing, including a judge or a client, does not need a Clearbrief subscription to open it.
Firm and Practice Coverage
Who the product is actually built for. AmLaw, midlaw, small firm and solo, in house departments, government and courts, and which practice areas are supported rather than merely claimed.
Segment coverage is described with substance and the practice focus is unusually well defined. The stated user set spans litigators, in house legal teams, courts, arbitrators and government agencies, and the inclusion of courts and arbitrators is distinctive: this is the only record on the index whose published adopters include the tribunal as well as the advocate. Practice focus is stated narrowly and consistently as fact intensive litigation documents, with named use cases covering briefs, tables of authorities, exhibit management, investigation reports for in house compliance teams, and real time trial support including cross examination outlines. Not located as of 29 Aug 2026: firm size segmentation, jurisdictional coverage beyond references to Bluebook and local style rules, and any statement of which document types or practice areas the product is not built for.
Legal Signals
What each signal meansA signal records what public sources say on the date shown. It is not a grade and it is not a recommendation. Where a signal reads Not addressed, it means the index did not locate the material in public sources on that date, which is a statement about disclosure rather than about the product.
Client Data in Training
Can material a lawyer puts into this product be used to train a model?
A public policy or trust page states no training on customer content, with no matching term located in the published agreement.
An explicit policy of not using client data for model training is reported in third party review material summarising this vendor's security posture. Searched the vendor site, the blog and the sandbox site on 29 Aug 2026 and did not reach a vendor page stating that policy in its own words, so the value rests on a secondary source rather than on located vendor material, and the source basis records that. Two supporting facts from vendor material that are consistent with it without stating it: the Bring Your Own Storage option keeps uploaded documents in the customer's own cloud, and the verification path deliberately avoids generative models. Recorded at policy never on the strength of the reported policy, and rebuttable in either direction by a vendor page.
Prompt and Output Retention
How long does the product keep what a lawyer typed, and can that be set to zero?
No located public material states how long prompts and outputs are retained.
Searched the vendor site, the blog, the sandbox site and trade coverage on 29 Aug 2026. No public material states how long uploaded documents, analyses or generated reports are retained, whether a customer controls the window, or whether deletion is available. The Bring Your Own Storage option changes the question for enterprise customers by keeping uploaded documents in their own cloud, so those customers set their own retention by controlling the store, but that option is not the default and nothing published addresses retention for customers without it. A second location is also unaddressed: filings published as hyperlinked versions for judges and clients are hosted in the vendor's cloud, and no retention terms for that store were located.
Ethical Walls and Matter Segregation
Does retrieval respect the firm’s ethical walls, or can the model read across them?
No located public material addresses walls or matter level segregation.
Searched the vendor site, the blog, the sandbox site and trade coverage on 29 Aug 2026. No vendor material addresses segregation between users or matters, and no conflicts or ethical wall concept was located. The vendor refers to access controls that IT and security teams can trust without describing them. Bring Your Own Storage means an enterprise customer's documents sit in a store they already govern, so their own controls apply to the documents at rest, but nothing published states whether retrieval and concept search inside the product respect those controls per user at query time, which is the question this signal asks. No legal document management integration was located whose permissions could be inherited.
Third Party Request and Subpoena Notice
If someone subpoenas the vendor for a firm’s data, does the firm hear about it first?
No located term or policy addresses third party requests for customer data.
Searched the vendor site, the blog, the sandbox site and trade coverage on 29 Aug 2026, and no published customer terms or privacy policy was reached. No clause committing to notify a customer of a government or law enforcement request for their data was located, and no transparency report was located. Noted for a reader: for enterprise customers using Bring Your Own Storage the practical exposure is reduced, since documents sit in a store the customer controls and a request would more naturally be directed to them, but the vendor does not make that argument in published material and it is not recorded as a value here.
Primary Law Corpus Provenance
Where does the law in this product come from, and does the vendor have the right to use it?
Sources are identified without stating the licence or rights basis.
Sources are named individually with their access terms stated, which is unusual, and the rights basis behind them is not the vendor's to state. The product does not hold its own primary law corpus: it displays cited authority through named third party databases, LexisNexis where the customer holds a subscription and Fastcase and vLex where no subscription is required, and maps proprietary Westlaw citations across to those databases so they can still be checked. Naming which database serves which citation and whether the customer must pay for it is more concrete than most coverage statements on this index. What is not published is the licence or rights basis on which the vendor accesses those databases, nor any completeness or update cadence statement for the underlying caselaw, which sits with the database owners rather than here. Recorded at sources named with basis unstated.
Good Law Verification
Does the product tell you when the authority it just cited has been overruled?
No located public material addresses whether authority is checked for subsequent history.
The product performs two checks that are commonly confused with this one and is not documented as performing this one. What it does, published clearly: confirms a cited case exists and is not fabricated, and scores how well the cited page supports the proposition the sentence advances, flagging low semantic scores where the source may not support the assertion. Those address existence and support. What this signal asks is whether the authority is still good law, meaning subsequent history and treatment. Searched the vendor site, the blog, the sandbox site and trade coverage on 29 Aug 2026 and located no statement that the product checks whether a case has been overruled, distinguished or otherwise treated, and no commercial citator licence for treatment signals. Third party comparison material refers to citation validity tools in general terms without resolving it, and an ambiguous claim earns nothing. Recorded as not addressed with the distinction stated, because for this vendor in particular the difference between verifying a citation and validating the law is the whole question.
Refusal and Uncertainty Behaviour
What does the product do when the answer is not in the corpus?
No located public material addresses what the product does when it cannot ground an answer.
Searched the vendor site, the blog, the sandbox site and trade coverage on 29 Aug 2026. This signal fits this product awkwardly and the fit is recorded rather than forced. The product does not answer legal questions from a corpus, it evaluates assertions a lawyer has already written, so the failure mode the signal targets, a confident answer to an unanswerable question, is largely outside its design. The nearest published behaviour runs the other way and is favourable: where a cited source cannot be displayed automatically because it is proprietary to another database, the product reports that the citation is verifiable rather than passing it or failing it silently, and invites a manual upload. That is a documented handling of an unresolvable case. It is not a statement about what the product does when it cannot ground an answer, so it does not satisfy this signal, and no such statement was located.
Fabricated Citation Record
Does a public court record exist involving output from this product?
No court order, opinion or disciplinary record naming this product has been located as of the date shown. This is a statement about the public record, not a finding about the product.
No court order, opinion or disciplinary record naming this product has been located as of 29 Aug 2026. Instrument searched: the AI Hallucination Cases database maintained by Damien Charlotin, which tracks court decisions worldwide involving AI generated hallucinated content and records the AI tool implicated where it is known. Also checked published 2026 sanctions summaries and secondary sanctions trackers. The entries located name filers, and in some rows other products, rather than this one. This is a statement about the public record on the date shown and not a clearance. Worth recording for this vendor specifically: the product exists to detect fabricated citations before filing rather than to generate text, so the mechanism by which most products reach this database does not apply to it, and a hypothetical entry would more likely concern a citation it failed to catch than one it produced.
Bar Guidance Alignment
Has the vendor engaged in public with the ethics opinions its buyers are bound by?
Public materials refer to professional responsibility in general terms without naming guidance.
Public materials engage substantively with professional obligations in general terms without naming the guidance that states them. The vendor publishes on how large firms operationalise responsible AI through citation checking policies, describes the norm courts expect that every sentence carries a citation the court can look up and verify, refers to Bluebook and local style rules, and frames the risk as partners being sanctioned and suffering reputational damage for citation errors they did not personally make. That is engagement with candour to the court and with supervisory responsibility, and it is more substantive than the general references most records here carry. Searched the vendor site and blog on 29 Aug 2026 and located no engagement with a named ethics opinion, including ABA Formal Opinion 512, and no state bar guidance or standing court order on AI disclosure named specifically.
Billing and Fee Posture
Does the vendor address what happens to the bill when the work takes an hour instead of six?
Public materials claim time savings without addressing billing or disclosure.
Savings are claimed and the framing sidesteps the ethics problem rather than creating it, which is worth recording because no other vendor on this index has done so. The published claim is that the product significantly reduces time spent on manual non billable tasks such as fact checking and building tables of authorities. Time saved on work a firm was not billing for does not change the invoice, so the tension this signal exists to surface, marketing hours saved to the firm while staying silent on the client's side, largely does not arise on that framing. Searched the vendor site, the blog and trade coverage on 29 Aug 2026 and located no per matter record of AI assisted work intended for fee purposes and no guidance on billing, fee or client disclosure treatment. Recorded at savings claims only as the accurate value, with the non billable framing noted so a reader does not read it as the usual version of this gap.
Outside Counsel Guideline Readiness
Can a firm get this vendor through a client’s AI clause without a bespoke negotiation?
The material exists behind a sales conversation or an executed agreement.
Material exists and reaching it runs through a conversation. The vendor states it works with customer security and IT teams through procurement and review, which is an explicit offer to supply diligence material rather than a published pack, and third party review material reports SOC 2 Type 2 certification and a no training policy that a firm would want in writing. Bring Your Own Storage is a genuine answer to part of what a client AI clause asks, since client documents can remain in the firm's own cloud. Searched the vendor site, the blog and the sandbox site on 29 Aug 2026 and located no subprocessor list, no statement naming which model providers see client content, no published data processing agreement, and no client facing consent or notification pack. Recorded at on request on the strength of the stated procurement route.
Court Disclosure Support
If a judge’s standing order requires an AI disclosure, can the product produce one?
The product exports a per document record covering model used, sources retrieved and human verification.
First positive value on this signal in the index, and the product is built for it. The Cite Check Report is a downloadable per document artifact listing every factual and legal citation the document contains, flagging missing sources, formatting errors and low semantic scores, with hyperlinks to each item so the signing attorney can review it in context, and the vendor describes it explicitly as an audit trail of citation review activity. Separately the product publishes hyperlinked versions of filings that a judge or client can open without holding a subscription, so the sources relied on travel with the document to the tribunal. Sources retrieved and human verification are both covered at document level. One limb of the positive value is not: model used is not recorded, and would be an odd fit here since the verification path deliberately runs on classic machine learning rather than a generative model. Recorded at exportable record because a genuine per document export exists, with that gap stated rather than hidden.