C
Clearbrief
Clearbrief is a citation and fact checking layer for legal writing, delivered as a Microsoft Word add-in. It is aimed at litigators, in house teams, courts, arbitrators and government agencies working on documents heavy with facts. It finds every citation in a document, to both facts and law, scores how well each sentence is supported by the page it cites, and flags missing sources, formatting errors and weak support.
The Cite Check Report is a downloadable audit trail of citation review for each document, with links to each flagged item for the signing attorney. The checking function uses classic machine learning and natural language processing rather than generative models, so the checker itself cannot hallucinate; separate generative features handle drafting. Cited authority is displayed through LexisNexis, which requires a subscription, and Fastcase and vLex, which do not, and Westlaw citations are mapped to those databases.
Filings can be shared as linked documents that a judge or client can open without a Clearbrief subscription. An enterprise Bring Your Own Storage option keeps uploaded documents in the customer's own cloud. The company was founded by Jacqueline Schafer, a former assistant attorney general.
Clearbrief, head to head
Side by side on the same 15 capability axes and 12 legal signals: where the two part company, and what neither one publishes.
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Ordered by how closely the graded profiles match across the 15 capability axes, inside the same categories. See how each axis is graded in the methodology.
Capability grades
All 15 axes, graded from public sources on the date shown. Hover a grade to see what the letter means on that axis.
AI Centrality
How much of the product is actually AI. Whether the machine learning is the mechanism the buyer is paying for or a feature layered onto conventional software, and whether the vendor is specific about which is which.
The models are the product, and the choice of architecture is what sets it apart. Citation detection across a document, the patented scoring of how well a sentence is supported by the page it cites, and concept search across uploaded discovery all run on machine learning and natural language processing. The vendor deliberately keeps generative models out of the checking function, saying classic AI means the checker cannot introduce hallucinations of its own, while shipping separate generative features for drafting.
Remove the models and nothing remains but a Word toolbar. Not being generative is not the same as not being AI, and that distinction is the point of this product.
Citation Accuracy and Hallucination Disclosure
Whether the vendor publishes measured accuracy on citations and assertions, grounds output to primary sources, and says plainly what its system does when it does not know. Legal has a documented public record of fabricated citations reaching filed briefs, so an untested claim of accuracy is not evidence.
Grounding is real, documented and automated, short of published measurement of the checker itself. The retrieval method is concrete. Citations are detected in the Word document and matched against case law databases: LexisNexis where the user holds a subscription, and Fastcase and vLex where they do not, with Westlaw citations mapped across to those databases. Where a source cannot be displayed automatically, the product still reports that the citation is verifiable and accepts a manual upload.
Output links every citation to the specific page and text the reader can open. The failure mode is named clearly: because checking runs on classic AI rather than generative models, the vendor says there is no risk of the checker adding hallucinations of its own. What is missing is measurement of the product's own performance. A search of the vendor site, blog, sandbox site and trade coverage found no false positive or false negative rate for citation detection, no accuracy figure for the support score, no test set and no independent evaluation.
Autonomy and Oversight Model
What the system decides on its own, what a lawyer must approve, and whether the vendor documents where the review point sits. A tool that drafts under review and a tool that files without one are different products and different risks.
A real published commitment with concrete review surfaces, and the product exists to serve oversight rather than to reduce it. The vendor states that source linked outputs keep humans in control and the evidence in view, and the Cite Check Report is explicitly built for the partner signing a filing, listing every citation with hyperlinks so each flagged issue can be reviewed in context. The founder frames the problem as partners being sanctioned for citation errors they did not personally make, which is a supervision argument.
Not located: the threshold at which a semantic score is treated as low, whether that threshold is configurable, and what the vendor commits to when its own checker misses something. That last point matters here, because a verification tool that fails silently leaves a lawyer more confident than before they used it.
Operational and Outcome Evidence
Named, dated evidence that the product works in production at real firms or legal departments. Case studies with figures and identified customers count. Unattributed testimonials and launch announcements do not.
User categories and testimonials stand in for deployment evidence. The vendor states the product is used by courts, Am Law firms, government agencies, arbitrators and legal teams handling high stakes matters, which is a notable set because courts and arbitrators are adopters rather than customers in the ordinary sense, and an attributed testimonial describes the LexisNexis backed hallucination detection in practice. Searched the vendor site, the blog, the sandbox site and trade coverage and located no named organization paired with figures and a date, no case study, and no assessable method. Categories of adopter are not the same as a named deployment.
Privilege and Confidentiality Posture
How client confidences are handled: attorney client privilege and work product treatment, segregation of one client matter from another, whether client data trains any model, and what the vendor commits to in writing rather than in marketing.
Substantive commitments rest on a design choice, short of the full picture. The strongest element is Bring Your Own Storage, an enterprise option under which all uploaded documents stay in the organization's own cloud storage. That answers the confidentiality question by taking the vendor out of custody rather than by promising care. The vendor says the product is built for sensitive privileged legal work with enterprise grade security, privacy and access controls, and that work stays in the environment the team and IT already trust.
A policy of not using client data for model training is reported in third party review material, not on a vendor page that was reached. Two gaps remain. Retention and deletion terms for customers not using Bring Your Own Storage are not published. Attorney client privilege and work product are used to describe the work rather than addressed as a handling question, and no segregation model between users or matters is published.
UPL and Professional Responsibility Posture
Whether the vendor is clear that it supplies a tool rather than legal advice, who its audience is, and how it addresses unauthorized practice of law, competence and supervision duties, and jurisdiction limits. ABA Formal Opinion 512 is the reference point. Where the advice line is not the duty a product raises, the axis is read through the nearest professional duty it does raise: judicial conduct rules and the reviewing duty for products sold only to courts, and the duty to bill for time actually spent for products that draft time entries.
The vendor engages substantively with the professional duty the product exists to serve. It publishes material on how large firms put responsible AI into practice through citation checking policies, describes the courts' expectation that every sentence carries a verifiable citation in a standard format, and frames the risk as sanctions and reputational damage to the signing partner. That engages with candor to the court and with supervision of others' work, beyond a disclaimer.
The audience is professional throughout: litigators, in house teams, courts, arbitrators and government agencies, with no consumer surface located. Competence is not addressed as such, no statement on the advice line is published, and no jurisdiction limits are stated beyond references to Bluebook and local style rules.
AI Governance and Bias Disclosure
Published governance over model behavior: who owns it inside the vendor, what is tested before release, and what is disclosed about disparate output across matter types, parties, or populations.
A published position on responsible AI without a governance mechanism a buyer could audit. The vendor publishes on how firms should put responsible AI into practice through citation checking policies. Its decision to keep generative models out of the checking path is a real governance choice with a stated reason. The vendor site, blog, sandbox site and trade coverage were searched. No AI governance framework, AI management certification such as ISO 42001, named owner of model governance, or testing regime before release is published, and nothing addresses uneven output across matter types, parties or populations.
That last point matters for a scoring product: a score that behaves differently across drafting styles or document types would be invisible to a user, and nothing published addresses it.
AI Safety and Data Stewardship
Retention, deletion, access control, and what happens to prompts and documents after they are processed. Whether the vendor states its subprocessors and its incident practice, or leaves the buyer to assume.
A general posture with one strong design element and little published detail. Bring Your Own Storage is real and material: an organization can keep uploaded documents in its own cloud. The vendor also says it works with customer security and IT teams through procurement and review. Beyond that the published material is general, describing enterprise grade security, privacy and access controls that IT and security teams can trust.
A search of the vendor site, blog, sandbox site and trade coverage found no retention period, deletion control, encryption detail, named subprocessor list, or incident or breach notification practice. Published filings are also hosted in the vendor's secure cloud for judges and clients to read, a second data location with no published terms attached.
AI Liability and Recourse
What the vendor stands behind contractually when its output is wrong. Indemnities, caps, carve outs, insurance, and whether any of it is published or only reachable through a negotiated agreement.
No published indemnity, liability cap, carve out, warranty on output or insurance position is published, and no customer terms of service is published as published on the property. Recorded as a pure absence on the surfaces reached. The shape of the gap is worth naming: this product is bought specifically to prevent sanctionable citation errors reaching a filing, and it publishes nothing about what happens if it misses one.
A verification tool carries a different recourse question from a drafting tool, because its value is the assurance itself.
Practice Systems Integration Depth
How deeply the product reaches into the systems legal work already lives in: document management such as iManage and NetDocuments, Word and Outlook, contract lifecycle management, matter management, e-billing, and court filing systems.
The vendor names four document repository integrations in its own material: Relativity, iManage, NetDocuments and Clio. It describes them as letting a firm use its existing secure infrastructure while adding the checking layer on top. That is a fitting connector set for a litigation product, covering document management, ediscovery and small firm practice management. Delivery is a native Microsoft Word add-in, where drafting and signing happen, rather than a connector beside Word.
Research integrations are named individually with their commercial terms: LexisNexis where the customer holds a subscription, and Fastcase and vLex where none is required, with Westlaw citations mapped across so they stay checkable. Not located: an integrations index page, or documentation for each integration describing what it moves, in which direction, and what an administrator configures.
Deployment Model and Data Residency
Where the software runs and where the data sits. Multi tenant cloud, single tenant, private deployment, on premises, and whether region of residence is a published option or an enterprise conversation.
The deployment model is stated clearly, with a real customer controlled option, short of residency detail. Two models are published. One is the standard cloud service. The other is an enterprise Bring Your Own Storage option, under which uploaded documents stay in the organization's own cloud storage, which the vendor presents as giving more control over data residency and confidentiality. With customer held storage, the customer keeps custody.
A search of the vendor site, blog, sandbox site and trade coverage found no hosting provider for the standard service, no named regions, no tenancy model, and no statement of where processing happens as distinct from storage. That matters because processing still occurs even when the customer holds the storage.
Security Certifications and Trust Center
Independent attestation a buyer can pull without a sales call: SOC 2, ISO 27001, penetration test summaries, a trust center with current reports and named scope rather than a badge image.
The vendor states SOC 2 Type 2 certification on its own blog, describing it as showing that it meets rigorous data protection standards and helping a lawyer meet the duty to protect client confidentiality through verified security controls. The same material describes the Bring Your Own Storage option as letting a firm control where client data is stored to meet jurisdictional requirements or firm retention policies, tying that feature to professional obligations.
No coverage period, audit scope, report date, named auditing firm, trust portal or published request route is published. The vendor's stated diligence path is to work with a customer's security and IT teams through procurement, a sales route rather than self service. The certification is asserted on a marketing page without scope, currency or a route to evidence.
Model Supply Chain Disclosure
Which models sit underneath, whose they are, where they run, and whether the vendor commits to telling customers when that changes. A legal buyer inherits every dependency it cannot see.
The architecture is described clearly, and the components are not named. The vendor says the checking path runs on classic machine learning and natural language processing with a patented scoring system, not generative models. So a buyer knows the checking function does not depend on a third party foundation model. Generative features exist separately for drafting. A search of the vendor site, blog, sandbox site and trade coverage found no named model or provider behind the generative features, no statement of where models run, no subprocessor list, and no commitment to notify customers when the supply chain changes.
Knowing the critical path avoids generative models is useful, but it does not tell a buyer what the rest of the stack is.
Commercial Transparency
Whether a buyer can learn what this costs without entering a sales process: published rates, the unit being charged, what sits behind an enterprise tier, and what implementation adds.
No pricing page is published, no rate is published, no unit of charge is stated and no tier structure appears on the surfaces reached. Third party review material states that pricing is custom quoted, which confirms the absence rather than filling it. Every commercial path located terminates in a demo or contact request. One published commercial fact worth recording, though it is not pricing: a recipient of a hyperlinked filing, including a judge or a client, does not need a Clearbrief subscription to open it.
Firm and Practice Coverage
Who the product is actually built for. AmLaw, midlaw, small firm and solo, in house departments, government and courts, and which practice areas are supported rather than merely claimed.
Segment coverage is described with substance and the practice focus is well defined. The stated users are litigators, in house legal teams, courts, arbitrators and government agencies, so the published adopters include the tribunal as well as the advocate. Practice focus is stated narrowly and consistently as litigation documents heavy with facts. Named uses cover briefs, tables of authorities, exhibit management, investigation reports for in house compliance teams, and real time trial support including cross examination outlines.
Not located: firm size segmentation, jurisdictional coverage beyond references to Bluebook and local style rules, and any statement of which document types or practice areas the product is not built for.
3 public documents
The public pages on file for Clearbrief, with the recorded signals each one supports and the date it was last read. Open any of them and check the reading against the record.
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Primary Law Corpus Provenance, Bar Guidance Alignment
Read Aug 29, 2026
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Fabricated Citation Record
Read Aug 29, 2026
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Court Disclosure Support
Read Aug 29, 2026
Legal Signals
What each signal meansA signal records what public sources say on the date shown. It is not a grade and it is not a recommendation. Where a signal reads Not addressed, it means the index did not locate the material in public sources on that date, which is a statement about disclosure rather than about the product.
Client Data in Training
Can material a lawyer puts into this product be used to train a model?
A public policy or trust page states no training on customer content, with no matching term located in the published agreement.
An explicit policy of not using client data for model training is reported in third party review material summarizing this vendor's security posture. Searched the vendor site, the blog and the sandbox site on 29 Aug 2026 and did not reach a vendor page stating that policy in its own words, so the position rests on a secondary source rather than on located vendor material. Two supporting facts from vendor material that are consistent with it without stating it: the Bring Your Own Storage option keeps uploaded documents in the customer's own cloud, and the verification path deliberately avoids generative models.
Prompt and Output Retention
How long does the product keep what a lawyer typed, and can that be set to zero?
No located public material states how long prompts and outputs are retained.
Searched the vendor site, the blog, the sandbox site and trade coverage on 29 Aug 2026. No public material states how long uploaded documents, analyses or generated reports are retained, whether a customer controls the window, or whether deletion is available. The Bring Your Own Storage option changes the question for enterprise customers by keeping uploaded documents in their own cloud, so those customers set their own retention by controlling the store, but that option is not the default and nothing published addresses retention for customers without it.
A second location is also unaddressed: filings published as hyperlinked versions for judges and clients are hosted in the vendor's cloud, and no retention terms for that store were located.
Ethical Walls and Matter Segregation
Does retrieval respect the firm’s ethical walls, or can the model read across them?
No located public material addresses walls or matter level segregation.
Searched the vendor site, the blog, the sandbox site and trade coverage on 29 Aug 2026. No vendor material addresses segregation between users or matters, and no conflicts or ethical wall concept was located. The vendor refers to access controls that IT and security teams can trust without describing them. With Bring Your Own Storage, an enterprise customer's documents sit in a store it already governs, so its own controls apply to documents at rest.
Nothing published says whether retrieval and concept search inside the product respect those controls for each user at query time. The vendor names iManage and NetDocuments integrations, but nothing published says whether their permissions carry over into the product.
Third Party Request and Subpoena Notice
If someone subpoenas the vendor for a firm’s data, does the firm hear about it first?
No located term or policy addresses third party requests for customer data.
Searched the vendor site, the blog, the sandbox site and trade coverage on 29 Aug 2026, and no published customer terms or privacy policy was reached. No clause committing to notify a customer of a government or law enforcement request for their data was located, and no transparency report was located. Noted for a reader: for enterprise customers using Bring Your Own Storage the practical exposure is reduced, since documents sit in a store the customer controls and a request would more naturally be directed to them, but the vendor does not make that argument in published material and it is not recorded as a value here.
Primary Law Corpus Provenance
Where does the law in this product come from, and does the vendor have the right to use it?
Sources are identified without stating the license or rights basis.
Sources are named individually with their access terms, and the rights basis behind them is not stated. The product holds no primary law corpus of its own. It displays cited authority through named third party databases: LexisNexis where the customer holds a subscription, and Fastcase and vLex where no subscription is required. Westlaw citations are mapped across to those databases so they can still be checked. Not published: the license or rights basis on which the vendor accesses those databases, and any statement on completeness or update frequency for the underlying case law, which sits with the database owners.
Good Law Verification
Does the product tell you when the authority it just cited has been overruled?
No located public material addresses whether authority is checked for subsequent history.
The product performs two checks that are often confused with this one, and is not documented as performing this one. What it does, published clearly: it confirms a cited case exists and is not fabricated, and it scores how well the cited page supports the sentence's proposition, flagging low scores where the source may not support the assertion. Those checks cover existence and support. This question is whether the authority is still good law, meaning later history and treatment.
A search of the vendor site, blog, sandbox site and trade coverage on 29 Aug 2026 found no statement that the product checks whether a case has been overruled, distinguished or otherwise treated, and no commercial citator license for treatment signals. Third party comparison material refers to citation validity tools in general terms without settling the point. For this vendor, the difference between verifying a citation and validating the law is the whole question.
Refusal and Uncertainty Behavior
What does the product do when the answer is not in the corpus?
No located public material addresses what the product does when it cannot ground an answer.
Searched the vendor site, the blog, the sandbox site and trade coverage on 29 Aug 2026. The question fits this product awkwardly. The product does not answer legal questions from a corpus; it evaluates assertions a lawyer has already written, so a confident answer to an unanswerable question is largely outside its design. The nearest published behavior is favorable. Where a cited source cannot be displayed automatically because it belongs to another database, the product reports that the citation is verifiable rather than silently passing or failing it, and invites a manual upload.
That is documented handling of a case it cannot resolve. It is not a statement about what the product does when it cannot ground an answer, and no such statement was located.
Fabricated Citation Record
Does a public court record exist addressing fabricated or hallucinated legal citations in output from this product?
No court order, opinion or disciplinary record addressing fabricated or hallucinated legal citations produced by this product has been located as of the date shown. This is a statement about the public record on that one subject, not a finding about the product, and this signal is not a litigation history.
No court order, opinion or disciplinary record naming this product has been located as of 29 Aug 2026. Instrument searched: the AI Hallucination Cases database maintained by Damien Charlotin, which tracks court decisions worldwide involving AI generated hallucinated content and records the AI tool implicated where it is known. Also checked published 2026 sanctions summaries and secondary sanctions trackers. The entries located name filers, and in some rows other products, rather than this one.
This is a statement about the public record on the date shown and not a clearance. The product exists to detect fabricated citations before filing rather than to generate text, so the way generating products reach this database does not apply to it. A hypothetical entry would more likely concern a citation it failed to catch than one it produced.
Bar Guidance Alignment
Has the vendor engaged in public with the ethics opinions its buyers are bound by?
Public materials refer to professional responsibility in general terms without naming guidance.
Public materials engage with professional obligations in general terms without naming the guidance that states them. The vendor publishes on how large firms put responsible AI into practice through citation checking policies. It describes the courts' expectation that every sentence carries a citation the court can look up and verify, refers to Bluebook and local style rules, and frames the risk as partners being sanctioned and suffering reputational damage for citation errors they did not personally make.
That engages with candor to the court and with supervisory responsibility. A search of the vendor site and blog on 29 Aug 2026 found no named ethics opinion, including ABA Formal Opinion 512, and no state bar guidance or standing court order on AI disclosure named specifically.
Billing and Fee Posture
Does the vendor address what happens to the bill when the work takes an hour instead of six?
Public materials claim time savings without addressing billing or disclosure, and the product sits inside a fee relationship between a lawyer and a client where those savings would change the bill.
Savings are claimed, and the framing avoids the usual ethics tension rather than creating it. The published claim is that the product greatly reduces time spent on manual nonbillable tasks such as fact checking and building tables of authorities. Time saved on work a firm was not billing for does not change the invoice. So the usual tension, marketing hours saved to the firm while staying silent on the client's side, largely does not arise on that framing.
A search of the vendor site, blog and trade coverage on 29 Aug 2026 found no per matter record of AI assisted work meant for fee purposes and no guidance on billing, fee or client disclosure treatment.
Outside Counsel Guideline Readiness
Can a firm get this vendor through a client’s AI clause without a bespoke negotiation?
The material exists behind a sales conversation or an executed agreement.
Material exists, and reaching it runs through a conversation. The vendor says it works with customer security and IT teams through procurement and review, an explicit offer to supply diligence material rather than a published pack. Third party review material reports SOC 2 Type 2 certification and a no training policy that a firm would want in writing. Bring Your Own Storage answers part of what a client AI clause asks, since client documents can stay in the firm's own cloud.
A search of the vendor site, blog and sandbox site on 29 Aug 2026 found no subprocessor list, no statement of which model providers see client content, no published data processing agreement, and no consent or notification pack for clients.
Court Disclosure Support
If a judge’s standing order requires an AI disclosure, can the product produce one?
The product exports a per document record covering model used, sources retrieved and human verification.
The product is built for this. The Cite Check Report is a downloadable record for each document, listing every factual and legal citation it contains and flagging missing sources, formatting errors and low support scores. Each item links back so the signing attorney can review it in context, and the vendor calls it an audit trail of citation review activity. The product also publishes linked versions of filings that a judge or client can open without a subscription, so the sources relied on travel with the document to the tribunal.
Sources retrieved and human review are both covered at document level. The model used is not recorded, which would be an odd fit anyway since the checking path deliberately runs on classic machine learning rather than a generative model.